指定 XmlAdapter 例項以（重新）使用現有資料

有時應使用特定的資料例項。不需要重新建立，並且引用 static 資料會產生程式碼味道。

可以指定 Unmarshaller 應該使用的 XmlAdapter 例項，這允許使用者使用沒有零引數建構函式的 XmlAdapters 和/或將資料傳遞給介面卡。

例

使用者類

以下類包含名稱和使用者影象。

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;

@XmlRootElement
public class User {
    
    private String name;
    private BufferedImage image;

    @XmlAttribute
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=ImageCacheAdapter.class)
    @XmlAttribute
    public BufferedImage getImage() {
        return image;
    }

    public void setImage(BufferedImage image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

    public User(String name, BufferedImage image) {
        this.name = name;
        this.image = image;
    }

    public User() {
        this("", null);
    }

}

介面卡

為避免在記憶體中建立相同的影象兩次（以及再次下載資料），介面卡將影象儲存在地圖中。

Version <= Java SE 7

對於有效的 Java 7 程式碼，請替換 getImage 方法

public BufferedImage getImage(URL url) {
    BufferedImage image = imageCache.get(url);
    if (image == null) {
        try {
            image = ImageIO.read(url);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(ImageCacheAdapter.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            return null;
        }
        imageCache.put(url, image);
        reverseIndex.put(image, url);
    }
    return image;
}

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;

public class ImageCacheAdapter extends XmlAdapter<String, BufferedImage> {

    private final Map<URL, BufferedImage> imageCache = new HashMap<>();
    private final Map<BufferedImage, URL> reverseIndex = new HashMap<>();

    public BufferedImage getImage(URL url) {
        // using a single lookup using Java 8 methods
        return imageCache.computeIfAbsent(url, s -> {
            try {
                BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(s);
                reverseIndex.put(img, s);
                return img;
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(ImageCacheAdapter.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                return null;
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedImage unmarshal(String v) throws Exception {
        return getImage(new URL(v));
    }

    @Override
    public String marshal(BufferedImage v) throws Exception {
        return reverseIndex.get(v).toExternalForm();
    }

}

示例 XML

以下 2 個 xmls 用於 Jon Skeet 和他的地球 2 對應，兩者看起來完全相同，因此使用相同的化身。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<user name="Jon Skeet" image="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/6d8ebb117e8d83d74ea95fbdd0f87e13?s=328&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=PG"/>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<user name="Jon Skeet (Earth 2)" image="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/6d8ebb117e8d83d74ea95fbdd0f87e13?s=328&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=PG"/>

使用介面卡

ImageCacheAdapter adapter = new ImageCacheAdapter();

JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(User.class);

Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();

// specifiy the adapter instance to use for every
// @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=ImageCacheAdapter.class)
unmarshaller.setAdapter(ImageCacheAdapter.class, adapter);

User result1 = (User) unmarshaller.unmarshal(Main.class.getResource("user.xml"));

// unmarshal second xml using the same adapter instance
Unmarshaller unmarshaller2 = context.createUnmarshaller();
unmarshaller2.setAdapter(ImageCacheAdapter.class, adapter);
User result2 = (User) unmarshaller2.unmarshal(Main.class.getResource("user2.xml"));

System.out.println(result1.getName());
System.out.println(result2.getName());

// yields true, since image is reused
System.out.println(result1.getImage() == result2.getImage());