使用 DOM API 解析和导航文档

考虑以下文件：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<library>
   <book id='1'>Effective Java</book>
   <book id='2'>Java Concurrency In Practice</book>
</library>

可以使用以下代码从 String 构建 DOM 树：

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import java.io.StringReader;

public class DOMDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String xmlDocument = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>"
            + "<library>"
            + "<book id='1'>Effective Java</book>"
            + "<book id='2'>Java Concurrency In Practice</book>"
            + "</library>";

    DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    // This is useless here, because the XML does not have namespaces, but this option is usefull to know in cas
    documentBuilderFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
    DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
    // There are various options here, to read from an InputStream, from a file, ...
    Document document = documentBuilder.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlDocument)));

    // Root of the document
    System.out.println("Root of the XML Document: " + document.getDocumentElement().getLocalName());

    // Iterate the contents
    NodeList firstLevelChildren = document.getDocumentElement().getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < firstLevelChildren.getLength(); i++) {
        Node item = firstLevelChildren.item(i);
        System.out.println("First level child found, XML tag name is: " + item.getLocalName());
        System.out.println("\tid attribute of this tag is : " + item.getAttributes().getNamedItem("id").getTextContent());
    }

    // Another way would have been
    NodeList allBooks = document.getDocumentElement().getElementsByTagName("book");
}
}

代码产生以下结果：

Root of the XML Document: library
First level child found, XML tag name is: book
id attribute of this tag is : 1
First level child found, XML tag name is: book
id attribute of this tag is : 2