指定 XmlAdapter 实例以（重新）使用现有数据

有时应使用特定的数据实例。不需要重新创建，并且引用 static 数据会产生代码味道。

可以指定 Unmarshaller 应该使用的 XmlAdapter 实例，这允许用户使用没有零参数构造函数的 XmlAdapters 和/或将数据传递给适配器。

例

用户类

以下类包含名称和用户图像。

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;

@XmlRootElement
public class User {
    
    private String name;
    private BufferedImage image;

    @XmlAttribute
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=ImageCacheAdapter.class)
    @XmlAttribute
    public BufferedImage getImage() {
        return image;
    }

    public void setImage(BufferedImage image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

    public User(String name, BufferedImage image) {
        this.name = name;
        this.image = image;
    }

    public User() {
        this("", null);
    }

}

适配器

为避免在内存中创建相同的图像两次（以及再次下载数据），适配器将图像存储在地图中。

Version <= Java SE 7

对于有效的 Java 7 代码，请替换 getImage 方法

public BufferedImage getImage(URL url) {
    BufferedImage image = imageCache.get(url);
    if (image == null) {
        try {
            image = ImageIO.read(url);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(ImageCacheAdapter.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            return null;
        }
        imageCache.put(url, image);
        reverseIndex.put(image, url);
    }
    return image;
}

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;

public class ImageCacheAdapter extends XmlAdapter<String, BufferedImage> {

    private final Map<URL, BufferedImage> imageCache = new HashMap<>();
    private final Map<BufferedImage, URL> reverseIndex = new HashMap<>();

    public BufferedImage getImage(URL url) {
        // using a single lookup using Java 8 methods
        return imageCache.computeIfAbsent(url, s -> {
            try {
                BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(s);
                reverseIndex.put(img, s);
                return img;
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(ImageCacheAdapter.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                return null;
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedImage unmarshal(String v) throws Exception {
        return getImage(new URL(v));
    }

    @Override
    public String marshal(BufferedImage v) throws Exception {
        return reverseIndex.get(v).toExternalForm();
    }

}

示例 XML

以下 2 个 xmls 用于 Jon Skeet 和他的地球 2 对应，两者看起来完全相同，因此使用相同的化身。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<user name="Jon Skeet" image="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/6d8ebb117e8d83d74ea95fbdd0f87e13?s=328&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=PG"/>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<user name="Jon Skeet (Earth 2)" image="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/6d8ebb117e8d83d74ea95fbdd0f87e13?s=328&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=PG"/>

使用适配器

ImageCacheAdapter adapter = new ImageCacheAdapter();

JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(User.class);

Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();

// specifiy the adapter instance to use for every
// @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=ImageCacheAdapter.class)
unmarshaller.setAdapter(ImageCacheAdapter.class, adapter);

User result1 = (User) unmarshaller.unmarshal(Main.class.getResource("user.xml"));

// unmarshal second xml using the same adapter instance
Unmarshaller unmarshaller2 = context.createUnmarshaller();
unmarshaller2.setAdapter(ImageCacheAdapter.class, adapter);
User result2 = (User) unmarshaller2.unmarshal(Main.class.getResource("user2.xml"));

System.out.println(result1.getName());
System.out.println(result2.getName());

// yields true, since image is reused
System.out.println(result1.getImage() == result2.getImage());