1. StackOverflow 文件
  2. VBA 教程
  3. 陣列
  4. 多維陣列

多維陣列

Created: November-22, 2018

多維陣列

如名稱所示，多維陣列是包含多個維度的陣列，通常為兩個或三個，但最多可包含 32 個維度。

多陣列的工作方式類似於具有不同級別的矩陣，例如，在一維，二維和三維之間進行比較。

One Dimension 是典型的陣列，它看起來像一個元素列表。

Dim 1D(3) as Variant

*1D - Visually*
(0)
(1)
(2)

Two Dimensions 看起來像 Sudoku Grid 或 Excel 工作表，在初始化陣列時，你將定義陣列將包含多少行和列。

Dim 2D(3,3) as Variant
'this would result in a 3x3 grid 

*2D - Visually*
(0,0) (0,1) (0,2)
(1,0) (1,1) (1,2)
(2,0) (2,1) (2,2)

三維將開始看起來像 Rubik 的 Cube，在初始化陣列時，你將定義行和列以及陣列將具有的層/深度。

Dim 3D(3,3,2) as Variant
'this would result in a 3x3x3 grid

*3D - Visually*
       1st layer                 2nd layer                  3rd layer
         front                     middle                     back
(0,0,0) (0,0,1) (0,0,2) ¦ (1,0,0) (1,0,1) (1,0,2) ¦ (2,0,0) (2,0,1) (2,0,2)
(0,1,0) (0,1,1) (0,1,2) ¦ (1,1,0) (1,1,1) (1,1,2) ¦ (2,1,0) (2,1,1) (2,1,2)
(0,2,0) (0,2,1) (0,2,2) ¦ (1,2,0) (1,2,1) (1,2,2) ¦ (2,2,0) (2,2,1) (2,2,2)

進一步的尺寸可以被認為是 3D 的倍增，因此 4D（1,3,3,3）將是兩個並排的 3D 陣列。

二維陣列

建立

下面的示例將是員工列表的彙編，每個員工將在列表上有一組資訊（名字，姓氏，地址，電子郵件，電話……），該示例將基本上儲存在陣列上（員工，資訊）是（0,0）是第一個員工的名字。

Dim Bosses As Variant
'set bosses as Variant, so we can input any data type we want

Bosses = [{"Jonh","Snow","President";"Ygritte","Wild","Vice-President"}]
'initialise a 2D array directly by filling it with information, the redult wil be a array(1,2) size 2x3 = 6 elements

Dim Employees As Variant
'initialize your Employees array as variant
'initialize and ReDim the Employee array so it is a dynamic array instead of a static one, hence treated differently by the VBA Compiler
ReDim Employees(100, 5)
'declaring an 2D array that can store 100 employees with 6 elements of information each, but starts empty
'the array size is 101 x 6 and contains 606 elements

For employee = 0 To UBound(Employees, 1)
'for each employee/row in the array, UBound for 2D arrays, which will get the last element on the array
'needs two parameters 1st the array you which to check and 2nd the dimension, in this case 1 = employee and 2 = information
    For information_e = 0 To UBound(Employees, 2)
    'for each information element/column in the array
        
        Employees(employee, information_e) = InformationNeeded ' InformationNeeded would be the data to fill the array
        'iterating the full array will allow for direct attribution of information into the element coordinates
    Next
Next

調整

大小調整大小或者像多維陣列一樣，多維陣列會產生錯誤，而是需要將資訊傳輸到與原始資料相同的臨時陣列以及要新增的行數/列數。在下面的示例中，我們將看到如何初始化 Temp 陣列，從原始陣列傳輸資訊，填充剩餘的空元素，並用原始陣列替換 temp 陣列。

Dim TempEmp As Variant
'initialise your temp array as variant
ReDim TempEmp(UBound(Employees, 1) + 1, UBound(Employees, 2))
'ReDim/Resize Temp array as a 2D array with size UBound(Employees)+1 = (last element in Employees 1st dimension) + 1,
'the 2nd dimension remains the same as the original array. we effectively add 1 row in the Employee array

'transfer
For emp = LBound(Employees, 1) To UBound(Employees, 1)
    For info = LBound(Employees, 2) To UBound(Employees, 2)
        'to transfer Employees into TempEmp we iterate both arrays and fill TempEmp with the corresponding element value in Employees
        TempEmp(emp, info) = Employees(emp, info)
    
    Next
Next

'fill remaining
'after the transfers the Temp array still has unused elements at the end, being that it was increased
'to fill the remaining elements iterate from the last "row" with values to the last row in the array
'in this case the last row in Temp will be the size of the Employees array rows + 1, as the last row of Employees array is already filled in the TempArray

For emp = UBound(Employees, 1) + 1 To UBound(TempEmp, 1)
    For info = LBound(TempEmp, 2) To UBound(TempEmp, 2)
        
        TempEmp(emp, info) = InformationNeeded & "NewRow"
    
    Next
Next

'erase Employees, attribute Temp array to Employees and erase Temp array
Erase Employees
Employees = TempEmp
Erase TempEmp

更改元素值

要更改/更改某個元素中的值，只需呼叫要更改的座標併為其賦予新值即可：Employees(0, 0) = "NewValue"

或者，遍歷座標使用條件以匹配與所需引數對應的值：

For emp = 0 To UBound(Employees)
    If Employees(emp, 0) = "Gloria" And Employees(emp, 1) = "Stephan" Then
    'if value found
        Employees(emp, 1) = "Married, Last Name Change"
        Exit For
        'don't iterate through a full array unless necessary
    End If
Next

讀

訪問陣列中的元素可以使用巢狀迴圈（迭代每個元素），迴圈和座標（迭代行和直接訪問列），或直接使用兩個座標訪問。

'nested loop, will iterate through all elements
For emp = LBound(Employees, 1) To UBound(Employees, 1)
    For info = LBound(Employees, 2) To UBound(Employees, 2)
        Debug.Print Employees(emp, info)
    Next
Next

'loop and coordinate, iteration through all rows and in each row accessing all columns directly
For emp = LBound(Employees, 1) To UBound(Employees, 1)
    Debug.Print Employees(emp, 0)
    Debug.Print Employees(emp, 1)
    Debug.Print Employees(emp, 2)
    Debug.Print Employees(emp, 3)
    Debug.Print Employees(emp, 4)
    Debug.Print Employees(emp, 5)
Next

'directly accessing element with coordinates
Debug.Print Employees(5, 5)

請記住，在使用多維陣列時保持陣列對映總是很方便，它們很容易變得混亂。

三維陣列

對於 3D 陣列，我們將使用與 2D 陣列相同的前提，不僅儲存員工和資訊，還包括他們工作的建築。

3D 陣列將具有 Employees（可以被認為是行），資訊（列）和建築，可以被認為是 excel 文件上的不同工作表，它們之間具有相同的大小，但每個工作表都有其單元格/元素中的不同資訊集。3D 陣列將包含 n 個 2D 陣列。

建立

一個 3D 陣列需要初始化 3 個座標 Dim 3Darray(2,5,5) As Variant 陣列上的第一個座標將是建築物/表格的數量（不同的行和列集合），第二個座標將定義行和第三個列。上面的 Dim 將產生具有 108 個元素（3*6*6）的 3D 陣列，實際上具有 3 組不同的 2D 陣列。

Dim ThreeDArray As Variant
'initialise your ThreeDArray array as variant
ReDim ThreeDArray(1, 50, 5)
'declaring an 3D array that can store two sets of 51 employees with 6 elements of information each, but starts empty
'the array size is 2 x 51 x 6 and contains 612 elements

For building = 0 To UBound(ThreeDArray, 1)
    'for each building/set in the array
    For employee = 0 To UBound(ThreeDArray, 2)
    'for each employee/row in the array
        For information_e = 0 To UBound(ThreeDArray, 3)
        'for each information element/column in the array
            
            ThreeDArray(building, employee, information_e) = InformationNeeded ' InformationNeeded would be the data to fill the array
        'iterating the full array will allow for direct attribution of information into the element coordinates
        Next
    Next
Next

調整

調整 3D 陣列的大小類似於調整 2D 的大小，首先建立一個與原始大小相同的臨時陣列，在引數的座標中新增一個以增加，第一個座標將增加陣列中的集數，第二個和第三個座標將增加每組中的行數或列數。

下面的示例將每個集合中的行數增加 1，並使用新資訊填充最近新增的元素。

Dim TempEmp As Variant
'initialise your temp array as variant
ReDim TempEmp(UBound(ThreeDArray, 1), UBound(ThreeDArray, 2) + 1, UBound(ThreeDArray, 3))
'ReDim/Resize Temp array as a 3D array with size UBound(ThreeDArray)+1 = (last element in Employees 2nd dimension) + 1,
'the other dimension remains the same as the original array. we effectively add 1 row in the for each set of the 3D array

'transfer
For building = LBound(ThreeDArray, 1) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 1)
    For emp = LBound(ThreeDArray, 2) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 2)
        For info = LBound(ThreeDArray, 3) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 3)
            'to transfer ThreeDArray into TempEmp by iterating all sets in the 3D array and fill TempEmp with the corresponding element value in each set of each row
            TempEmp(building, emp, info) = ThreeDArray(building, emp, info)
        
        Next
    Next
Next

'fill remaining
'to fill the remaining elements we need to iterate from the last "row" with values to the last row in the array in each set, remember that the first empty element is the original array Ubound() plus 1
For building = LBound(TempEmp, 1) To UBound(TempEmp, 1)
    For emp = UBound(ThreeDArray, 2) + 1 To UBound(TempEmp, 2)
        For info = LBound(TempEmp, 3) To UBound(TempEmp, 3)
            
            TempEmp(building, emp, info) = InformationNeeded & "NewRow"
        
        Next
    Next
Next

'erase Employees, attribute Temp array to Employees and erase Temp array
Erase ThreeDArray
ThreeDArray = TempEmp
Erase TempEmp

更改元素值和讀取

讀取和更改 3D 陣列上的元素可以與我們執行 2D 陣列的方式類似，只需調整迴圈和座標中的額外級別。

Do
' using Do ... While for early exit
    For building = 0 To UBound(ThreeDArray, 1)
        For emp = 0 To UBound(ThreeDArray, 2)
            If ThreeDArray(building, emp, 0) = "Gloria" And ThreeDArray(building, emp, 1) = "Stephan" Then
            'if value found
                ThreeDArray(building, emp, 1) = "Married, Last Name Change"
                Exit Do
                'don't iterate through all the array unless necessary
            End If
        Next
    Next
Loop While False

'nested loop, will iterate through all elements
For building = LBound(ThreeDArray, 1) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 1)
    For emp = LBound(ThreeDArray, 2) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 2)
        For info = LBound(ThreeDArray, 3) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 3)
            Debug.Print ThreeDArray(building, emp, info)
        Next
    Next
Next

'loop and coordinate, will iterate through all set of rows and ask for the row plus the value we choose for the columns
For building = LBound(ThreeDArray, 1) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 1)
    For emp = LBound(ThreeDArray, 2) To UBound(ThreeDArray, 2)
        Debug.Print ThreeDArray(building, emp, 0)
        Debug.Print ThreeDArray(building, emp, 1)
        Debug.Print ThreeDArray(building, emp, 2)
        Debug.Print ThreeDArray(building, emp, 3)
        Debug.Print ThreeDArray(building, emp, 4)
        Debug.Print ThreeDArray(building, emp, 5)
    Next
Next

'directly accessing element with coordinates
Debug.Print Employees(0, 5, 5)