測試 Serializer 物件並將其引入 Controller

假設你要構建 API 以符合 jsonapi.org 規範 ，結果應如下所示：

{
  "article": {
    "id": "305",
    "type": "articles",
    "attributes": {
      "title": "Asking Alexandria"
    }
  }
}

Serializer 物件的測試可能如下所示：

# spec/serializers/article_serializer_spec.rb

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe ArticleSerializer do
  subject { described_class.new(article) }
  let(:article) { instance_double(Article, id: 678, title: "Bring Me The Horizon") }

  describe "#as_json" do
    let(:result) { subject.as_json }

    it 'root should be article Hash' do
      expect(result).to match({
        article: be_kind_of(Hash)
      })
    end

    context 'article hash' do
      let(:article_hash) { result.fetch(:article) }

      it 'should contain type and id' do
        expect(article_hash).to match({
          id: article.id.to_s,
          type: 'articles',
          attributes: be_kind_of(Hash)
        })
      end

      context 'attributes' do
        let(:article_hash_attributes) { article_hash.fetch(:attributes) }

        it do
          expect(article_hash_attributes).to match({
            title: /[Hh]orizon/,
          })
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

Serializer 物件可能如下所示：

# app/serializers/article_serializer.rb

class ArticleSerializer
  attr_reader :article

  def initialize(article)
    @article = article
  end

  def as_json
    {
      article: {
        id: article.id.to_s,
        type: 'articles',
        attributes: {
          title: article.title
        }
      }
    }
  end
end

當我們執行序列化器規格時，一切都過去了。

那太無聊了。讓我們為我們的文章序列化器引入一個錯字：而不是 type: "articles" 讓我們返回 type: "events" 並重新執行我們的測試。

rspec spec/serializers/article_serializer_spec.rb

.F.

Failures:

  1) ArticleSerializer#as_json article hash should contain type and id
     Failure/Error:
       expect(article_hash).to match({
         id: article.id.to_s,
         type: 'articles',
         attributes: be_kind_of(Hash)
       })
     
       expected {:id=>"678", :type=>"event",
:attributes=>{:title=>"Bring Me The Horizon"}} to match {:id=>"678",
:type=>"articles", :attributes=>(be a kind of Hash)}
       Diff:
       
       @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
       -:attributes => (be a kind of Hash),
       +:attributes => {:title=>"Bring Me The Horizon"},
        :id => "678",
       -:type => "articles",
       +:type => "events",
       
     # ./spec/serializers/article_serializer_spec.rb:20:in `block (4
levels) in <top (required)>'

一旦執行測試，就可以很容易地發現錯誤。

一旦修復了錯誤（將型別更正為 article），你可以將它引入 Controller，如下所示：

# app/controllers/v2/articles_controller.rb
module V2
  class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
    def show
      render json: serializer.as_json
    end

    private
      def article
        @article ||= Article.find(params[:id])
      end

      def serializer
        @serializer ||= ArticleSerializer.new(article)
      end
  end
end

這個例子基於文章： http ： //www.eq8.eu/blogs/30-pure-rspec-json-api-testing