高階替換
一些程式語言有自己的正規表示式特性,例如,$+
術語(在 C#,Perl,VB 等中)將匹配的文字替換為捕獲的最後一個組。
例:
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
string pattern = @"\b(\w+)\s\1\b";
string substitution = "$+";
string input = "The the dog jumped over the fence fence.";
Console.WriteLine(Regex.Replace(input, pattern, substitution,
RegexOptions.IgnoreCase));
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// The dog jumped over the fence.
Microsoft 官方開發者網路示例 [1]
其他罕見的替代術語是$`
和 $'
:
$`
=替換匹配字串前的文字匹配
$'
= 將匹配字串替換為匹配字串後的文字
由於這個事實,這些替換字串應該像這樣工作:
Regex: /part2/
Input: "part1part2part3"
Replacement: "$`"
Output: "part1part1part3" //Note that part2 was replaced with part1, due &` termRegex: /part2/
Input: "part1part2part3"
Replacement: "$'"
Output: "part1part3part3" //Note that part2 was replaced with part3, due &' term
以下是在一段 javascript 上進行這些替換的示例:
var rgx = /middle/;
var text = "Your story must have a beginning, middle, and end"
console.log(text.replace(rgx, "$`"));
//Logs: "Your story must have a beginning, Your story must have a beginning, , and end"
console.log(text.replace(rgx, "$'"))
//Logs: "Your story must have a beginning, , and end, and end"
還有術語 $_
,它可以檢索整個匹配的文字:
Regex: /part2/
Input: "part1part2part3"
Replacement: "$_"
Output: "part1part1part2part3part3" //Note that part2 was replaced with part1part2part3,
// due $_ term
將其轉換為 VB 將為我們提供:
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
Dim input As String = "ABC123DEF456"
Dim pattern As String = "\d+"
Dim substitution As String = "$_"
Console.WriteLine("Original string: {0}", input)
Console.WriteLine("String with substitution: {0}", _
Regex.Replace(input, pattern, substitution))
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' Original string: ABC123DEF456
' String with substitution: ABCABC123DEF456DEFABC123DEF456
Microsoft 官方開發者網路示例 [2]
並且最後但並非最不重要的替換術語是 $$
,其轉換為正規表示式將與\$
(文字 $ 的轉義版本 )相同。
如果你想匹配一個像這樣的字串:例如 USD: $3.99
,並想要儲存 3.99
,但只用一個正規表示式替換為 $3.99
,你可以使用:
Regex: /USD:\s+\$([\d.]+)/
Input: "USD: $3.99"
Replacement: "$$$1"
To Store: "$1"
Output: "$3.99"
Stored: "3.99"
如果你想使用 Javascript 進行測試,可以使用以下程式碼:
var rgx = /USD:\s+\$([\d.]+)/;
var text = "USD: $3.99";
var stored = parseFloat(rgx.exec(text)[1]);
console.log(stored); //Logs 3.99
console.log(text.replace(rgx, "$$$1")); //Logs $3.99