高階複雜算術

Created: November-22, 2018

模組 cmath 包含使用複數的附加功能。

import cmath

該模組可以以弧度計算複數的相位：

z = 2+3j # A complex number
cmath.phase(z) # 0.982793723247329

它允許在複數的笛卡爾（矩形）和極座標表示之間進行轉換：

cmath.polar(z) # (3.605551275463989, 0.982793723247329)
cmath.rect(2, cmath.pi/2) # (0+2j)

該模組包含複雜版本

指數和對數函式（通常，log 是自然對數，log10 是十進位制對數）：

  cmath.exp(z) # (-7.315110094901103+1.0427436562359045j)
  cmath.log(z) # (1.2824746787307684+0.982793723247329j)
  cmath.log10(-100) # (2+1.3643763538418412j)

平方根：

  cmath.sqrt(z) # (1.6741492280355401+0.8959774761298381j)

三角函式及其反轉：

  cmath.sin(z)  # (9.15449914691143-4.168906959966565j)
  cmath.cos(z)  # (-4.189625690968807-9.109227893755337j)
  cmath.tan(z)  # (-0.003764025641504249+1.00323862735361j)
  cmath.asin(z) # (0.5706527843210994+1.9833870299165355j)
  cmath.acos(z) # (1.0001435424737972-1.9833870299165355j)
  cmath.atan(z) # (1.4099210495965755+0.22907268296853878j)
  cmath.sin(z)**2 + cmath.cos(z)**2 # (1+0j)

雙曲函式及其逆函式：

  cmath.sinh(z)  # (-3.59056458998578+0.5309210862485197j)
  cmath.cosh(z)  # (-3.7245455049153224+0.5118225699873846j)
  cmath.tanh(z)  # (0.965385879022133-0.009884375038322495j)
  cmath.asinh(z) # (0.5706527843210994+1.9833870299165355j)
  cmath.acosh(z) # (1.9833870299165355+1.0001435424737972j)
  cmath.atanh(z) # (0.14694666622552977+1.3389725222944935j)
  cmath.cosh(z)**2 - cmath.sin(z)**2  # (1+0j)
  cmath.cosh((0+1j)*z) - cmath.cos(z) # 0j