導致更新的屬性

這個物件，Shape 有一個屬性 image，取決於 numberOfSides 和 sideWidth。如果設定了其中任何一個，則必須重新計算 image。但重新計算可能很長，只需要設定兩個屬性就可以完成一次，因此 Shape 提供了一種設定兩個屬性並且只重新計算一次的方法。這是通過直接設定屬性 ivars 來完成的。

在 Shape.h

@interface Shape {
    NSUInteger numberOfSides;
    CGFloat sideWidth;

    UIImage * image;
}

// Initializer that takes initial values for the properties.
- (instancetype)initWithNumberOfSides:(NSUInteger)numberOfSides withWidth:(CGFloat)width;

// Method that allows to set both properties in once call.
// This is useful if setting these properties has expensive side-effects.
// Using a method to set both values at once allows you to have the side-
// effect executed only once.
- (void)setNumberOfSides:(NSUInteger)numberOfSides andWidth:(CGFloat)width;

// Properties using default attributes.
@property NSUInteger numberOfSides;
@property CGFloat sideWidth;

// Property using explicit attributes.
@property(strong, readonly) UIImage * image;

@end

在 Shape.m

@implementation AnObject

// The variable name of a property that is auto-generated by the compiler
// defaults to being the property name prefixed with an underscore, for
// example "_propertyName". You can change this default variable name using
// the following statement:
// @synthesize propertyName = customVariableName;

- (id)initWithNumberOfSides:(NSUInteger)numberOfSides withWidth:(CGFloat)width {
    if ((self = [self init])) {
       [self setNumberOfSides:numberOfSides andWidth:width];
    }

    return self;
}

- (void)setNumberOfSides:(NSUInteger)numberOfSides {
    _numberOfSides = numberOfSides;

    [self updateImage];
}

- (void)setSideWidth:(CGFloat)sideWidth {
    _sideWidth = sideWidth;

    [self updateImage];
}

- (void)setNumberOfSides:(NSUInteger)numberOfSides andWidth:(CGFloat)sideWidth {
    _numberOfSides = numberOfSides;
    _sideWidth = sideWidth;

    [self updateImage];
}

// Method that does some post-processing once either of the properties has
// been updated.
- (void)updateImage {
    ...
}

@end

當屬性被分配給（使用 object.property = value）時，呼叫 setter 方法 setProperty:。這個 setter，即使由 @synthesize 提供，也可以被覆蓋，就像在這種情況下 numberOfSides 和 sideWidth 一樣。但是，如果你直接設定屬性的 ivar（如果物件是 self 或 object->property，則通過 property），它不會呼叫 getter 或 setter，允許你執行多個屬性集，只呼叫一個更新或旁路側 - 設定者造成的影響。