查詢物件類

要查詢物件是由某個建構函式構造還是從某個建構函式構造的建構函式，可以使用 instanceof 命令：

//We want this function to take the sum of the numbers passed to it
//It can be called as sum(1, 2, 3) or sum([1, 2, 3]) and should give 6
function sum(...arguments) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        const [firstArg] = arguments
        if (firstArg instanceof Array) { //firstArg is something like [1, 2, 3]
            return sum(...firstArg) //calls sum(1, 2, 3)
        }
    }
    return arguments.reduce((a, b) => a + b)
}

console.log(sum(1, 2, 3))   //6
console.log(sum([1, 2, 3])) //6
console.log(sum(4))         //4

請注意，原始值不被視為任何類的例項：

console.log(2 instanceof Number)        //false
console.log('abc' instanceof String)    //false
console.log(true instanceof Boolean)    //false
console.log(Symbol() instanceof Symbol) //false

除了 null 和 undefined 之外，JavaScript 中的每個值都有一個 constructor 屬性，用於儲存用於構造它的函式。這甚至適用於原始值。

//Whereas instanceof also catches instances of subclasses,
//using obj.constructor does not
console.log([] instanceof Object, [] instanceof Array)           //true true
console.log([].constructor === Object, [].constructor === Array) //false true

function isNumber(value) {
    //null.constructor and undefined.constructor throw an error when accessed
    if (value === null || value === undefined) return false
    return value.constructor === Number
}
console.log(isNumber(null), isNumber(undefined))                  //false false
console.log(isNumber('abc'), isNumber([]), isNumber(() => 1))     //false false false
console.log(isNumber(0), isNumber(Number('10.1')), isNumber(NaN)) //true true true