DispatchGroup 介紹

假設你有多個執行緒正在執行。每個執行緒都在執行一項任務。當所有任務執行緒都完成時，你希望在 mainThread 或其他執行緒上收到通知。

這個問題的最簡單的解決方案是 DispatchGroup。

當使用 DispatchGroup 時，對於每個請求，你都可以分組，並且對於每個完成的請求，你都可以使用 DispatchGroup。

當群組中不再有請求時，你將成為 notify（已通知）。

用法：

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        
        let dispatchGroup = DispatchGroup() //Create a group for the tasks.
        let session: URLSession = URLSession.shared
        
        dispatchGroup.enter() //Enter the group for the first task.
        
        let firstTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://stackoverflow.com")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..
            
            dispatchGroup.leave() //Leave the group for the first task.
        }

        
        dispatchGroup.enter()  //Enter the group for the second task.
        
        let secondTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://google.ca")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..
            
            dispatchGroup.leave()  //Leave the group for the second task.
        }
        
        
        //Get notified on the main thread/queue.. when ALL of the tasks above has been completed.
        dispatchGroup.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main) { 
            
            print("Every task is complete")
            
        }
        
        
        //Start the tasks.
        firstTask.resume()
        secondTask.resume()
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }
}

有了上述內容，在完成所有任務之前，你無需無限制地使用 wait。你可以在所有任務開始之前顯示載入程式，並在完成所有任務後關閉載入程式。這樣，你的主執行緒不會被阻止，你的程式碼仍然保持乾淨。

現在假設你還希望將任務設定為 ordered 或按順序將其響應新增到陣列中。你可以執行以下操作：

import UIKit

//Locking mechanism..
func synchronized(_ lock: AnyObject, closure: () -> Void) {
    objc_sync_enter(lock)
    closure()
    objc_sync_exit(lock)
}

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    let lock = NSObject() //Object to lock on.
    var responseArray = Array<Data?>() //Array of responses.
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        let dispatchGroup = DispatchGroup()
        let session: URLSession = URLSession.shared
        
        dispatchGroup.enter() //Enter the group for the first task.
        
        let firstTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://stackoverflow.com")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..

            synchronized(self.lock, closure: { () -> Void in
                self.responseArray[0] = data ?? nil
            })

            dispatchGroup.leave() //Leave the group for the first task.
        }

        
        dispatchGroup.enter()  //Enter the group for the second task.
        
        let secondTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://google.ca")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..
            
            synchronized(self.lock, closure: { () -> Void in
                self.responseArray[1] = data ?? nil
            })
            
            dispatchGroup.leave()  //Leave the group for the second task.
        }
        
        
        //Get notified on the main thread.. when ALL of the requests above has been completed.
        dispatchGroup.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main) { 
            
            print("Every task is complete..")
            
            for i in 0..<self.responseArray.count {
                
                if self.responseArray[i] == nil {
                    print("Request #\(i) Failed.\n")
                }
                else {
                    print("Request #\(i) Succeeded.\n")
                }
            }
        }
        
        //Two tasks added to the array. Responses are assumed nil until they complete.
        self.responseArray.append(nil)
        self.responseArray.append(nil)
        
        //Start the tasks.
        firstTask.resume()
        secondTask.resume()
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }
}

筆記

每個條目都必須在 DispatchGroup 中有一個出口。如果你在 entering 之後忘記了 leave，那麼你就是在為自己做好準備。任務完成後，你將永遠不會收到通知。

enter 的數量必須等於 leave 的數量。