F 中的資料驅動程式設計

由於 F# 中的型別推理和部分應用，資料驅動程式設計簡潔易讀。

讓我們想象一下，我們正在出售汽車保險。在我們嘗試將其出售給客戶之前，我們會通過檢查客戶的性別和年齡來確定客戶是否是我們公司的有效潛在客戶。

一個簡單的客戶模型：

type Sex =
  | Male
  | Female

type Customer =
  {
    Name    : string
    Born    : System.DateTime
    Sex     : Sex
  }

接下來，我們要定義一個排除列表（表），以便如果客戶匹配排除列表中的任何行，則客戶無法購買我們的汽車保險。

//  If any row in this list matches the Customer, the customer isn't eligible for the car insurance.
let exclusionList =
  let __          _   = true
  let olderThan   x y = x < y
  let youngerThan x y = x > y
  [|
//  Description                         Age               Sex
    "Not allowed for senior citizens" , olderThan   65  , __
    "Not allowed for children"        , youngerThan 16  , __
    "Not allowed for young males"     , youngerThan 25  , (=) Male
  |]

由於型別推斷和部分應用，排除列表靈活且易於理解。

最後，我們定義了一個使用排除列表（表）將客戶分成兩個桶的功能：潛在客戶和拒絕客戶。

// Splits customers into two buckets: potential customers and denied customers.
// The denied customer bucket also includes the reason for denying them the car insurance
let splitCustomers (today : System.DateTime) (cs : Customer []) : Customer []*(string*Customer) [] =
  let potential = ResizeArray<_> 16 // ResizeArray is an alias for System.Collections.Generic.List
  let denied    = ResizeArray<_> 16

  for c in cs do
    let age = today.Year - c.Born.Year
    let sex = c.Sex
    match exclusionList |> Array.tryFind (fun (_, testAge, testSex) -> testAge age && testSex sex) with
    | Some (description, _, _)  -> denied.Add (description, c)
    | None                      -> potential.Add c

  potential.ToArray (), denied.ToArray ()

總結一下，讓我們定義一些客戶，看看他們是否是我們汽車保險的潛在客戶：

let customers =
  let c n s y m d: Customer = { Name = n; Born = System.DateTime (y, m, d); Sex = s }
  [|
//    Name                      Sex     Born
    c "Clint Eastwood Jr."      Male    1930 05 31
    c "Bill Gates"              Male    1955 10 28
    c "Melina Gates"            Female  1964 08 15
    c "Justin Drew Bieber"      Male    1994 03 01
    c "Sophie Turner"           Female  1996 02 21
    c "Isaac Hempstead Wright"  Male    1999 04 09
  |]

[<EntryPoint>]
let main argv =
  let potential, denied = splitCustomers (System.DateTime (2014, 06, 01)) customers
  printfn "Potential Customers (%d)\n%A" potential.Length potential
  printfn "Denied Customers (%d)\n%A"    denied.Length    denied
  0

這列印：

Potential Customers (3)
[|{Name = "Bill Gates";
   Born = 1955-10-28 00:00:00;
   Sex = Male;}; {Name = "Melina Gates";
                  Born = 1964-08-15 00:00:00;
                  Sex = Female;}; {Name = "Sophie Turner";
                                   Born = 1996-02-21 00:00:00;
                                   Sex = Female;}|]
Denied Customers (3)
[|("Not allowed for senior citizens", {Name = "Clint Eastwood Jr.";
                                       Born = 1930-05-31 00:00:00;
                                       Sex = Male;});
  ("Not allowed for young males", {Name = "Justin Drew Bieber";
                                   Born = 1994-03-01 00:00:00;
                                   Sex = Male;});
  ("Not allowed for children", {Name = "Isaac Hempstead Wright";
                                Born = 1999-04-09 00:00:00;
                                Sex = Male;})|]