模式匹配功能

#You can use pattern matching to run different 
#functions based on which parameters you pass

#This example uses pattern matching to start, 
#run, and end a recursive function

defmodule Counter do
    def count_to do
        count_to(100, 0) #No argument, init with 100
    end

    def count_to(counter) do
        count_to(counter, 0) #Initialize the recursive function
    end

    def count_to(counter, value) when value == counter do
        #This guard clause allows me to check my arguments against
        #expressions. This ends the recursion when the value matches
        #the number I am counting to.
        :ok
    end

    def count_to(counter, value) do
        #Actually do the counting
        IO.puts value
        count_to(counter, value + 1)
    end
end