切割棒以獲得最大利潤
給定一根長度為 n 英寸的長度和長度為 m 的陣列,其中包含所有尺寸小於 n 的尺寸的價格。我們必須找到通過切割杆和銷售件而獲得的最大值。例如,如果杆的長度是 8 並且不同部件的值如下給出,則最大可獲得值是 22 。
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(price)| 1 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 10| 17| 17| 20|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
我們將使用 2D 陣列 dp [m] [n + 1] ,其中 n 是杆的長度,m 是價格陣列的長度。對於我們的例子,我們需要 dp [8] [9] 。這裡 dp [i] [j] 將通過銷售長度為 j 的杆來表示最高價格。我們可以將長度 j 的最大值作為一個整體,或者我們可以打破長度以最大化利潤。
首先,對於第 0 列,它不會貢獻任何內容,因此將所有值標記為 0.因此第 0 列的所有值都將為 0.對於 dp [0] [1] ,我們可以獲得的最大值是多少賣長杆 1.長度為 1.對於長度為 2 dp [0] [2]的杆,我們可以得到 2(1 + 1)。這一直持續到 dp [0] [8] 。所以在第一次迭代之後我們的 dp []陣列看起來像。
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(price)| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(1) 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(5) 2 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(8) 3 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(9) 4 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(10) 5 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(17) 6 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(17) 7 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(20) 8 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
對於 **dp [2] [2],**我們要問自己,如果我將杆分成兩塊(1,1)或整個杆(長度= 2),我能得到的最好的是什麼。我們可以看到如果我將杆分成兩塊,我可以獲得的最大利潤是 2,如果我有杆作為一個整體,我可以賣它為 5.在第二次迭代之後,dp []陣列看起來像:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(price)| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(1) 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(5) 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 10| 11| 15| 16| 20|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(8) 3 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(9) 4 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(10) 5 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(17) 6 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(17) 7 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(20) 8 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
所以要計算 dp [i] [j],我們的公式將如下所示:
if j>=i
dp[i][j] = Max(dp[i-1][j], price[i]+arr[i][j-i]);
else
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j];
在最後一次迭代之後,我們的 dp []陣列看起來像
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(price)| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(1) 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(5) 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 10| 11| 15| 16| 20|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(8) 3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 10| 13| 16| 18| 21|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(9) 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 10| 13| 16| 18| 21|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(10) 5 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 10| 13| 16| 18| 21|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(17) 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 10| 13| 17| 18| 22|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(17) 7 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 10| 13| 17| 18| 22|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(20) 8 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 10| 13| 17| 18| 22|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
我們將得到 dp [n] [m + 1]的結果。
用 Java 實現
public int getMaximumPrice(int price[],int n){
int arr[][] = new int[n][price.length+1];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
for(int j=0;j<price.length+1;j++){
if(j==0 || i==0)
arr[i][j] = 0;
else if(j>=i){
arr[i][j] = Math.max(arr[i-1][j], price[i-1]+arr[i][j-i]);
}else{
arr[i][j] = arr[i-1][j];
}
}
}
return arr[n-1][price.length];
}
時間複雜性
O(n^2)