觀察者 Java

觀察者模式允許類的使用者訂閱當該類處理資料等時發生的事件，並在這些事件發生時得到通知。在下面的示例中，我們建立了一個處理類和一個觀察者類，它將在處理短語時得到通知 - 如果它找到長度超過 5 個字母的單詞。

LongWordsObserver 介面定義了觀察者。實現此介面以將觀察者註冊到事件。

// an observe that can be registered and receive notifications
public interface LongWordsObserver {
    void notify(WordEvent event);
}

WordEvent 類是一旦發生某些事件就會被髮送到觀察者類的事件（在這種情況下，發現了長字）

// An event class which contains the long word that was found
public class WordEvent {

    private String word;

    public WordEvent(String word) {
        this.word = word;
    }

    public String getWord() {
        return word;
    }
}

PhraseProcessor 類是處理給定短語的類。它允許使用 addObserver 方法註冊觀察者。一旦找到長單詞，將使用 WordEvent 類的例項呼叫這些觀察者。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class PhraseProcessor {

    // the list of observers
    private List<LongWordsObserver> observers = new ArrayList<>();

    // register an observer
    public void addObserver(LongWordsObserver observer) {
        observers.add(observer);
    }

    // inform all the observers that a long word was found
    private void informObservers(String word) {
        observers.forEach(o -> o.notify(new WordEvent(word)));
    }

    // the main method - process a phrase and look for long words. If such are found,
    // notify all the observers
    public void process(String phrase) {
        for (String word : phrase.split(" ")) {
            if (word.length() > 5) {
                informObservers(word);
            }
        }
    }
}

LongWordsExample 類顯示如何註冊觀察者，呼叫 process 方法並在找到長單詞時接收警報。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class LongWordsExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // create a list of words to be filled when long words were found
        List<String> longWords = new ArrayList<>();

        // create the PhraseProcessor class
        PhraseProcessor processor = new PhraseProcessor();

        // register an observer and specify what it should do when it receives events,
        // namely to append long words in the longwords list
        processor.addObserver(event -> longWords.add(event.getWord()));

        // call the process method 
        processor.process("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit");

        // show the list of long words after the processing is done
        System.out.println(String.join(", ", longWords));
        // consectetuer, adipiscing
    }
}