比較浮點數

浮點型別（float，double 和 long double）不能精確地表示某些數字，因為它們具有有限的精度並以二進位制格式表示值。就像我們在基數 10 中對諸如 1/3 的分數重複小數一樣，有些分數也不能以二進位制有限地表示（例如 1/3，但更重要的是 1/10）。不要直接比較浮點值; 改為使用 delta。

#include <float.h> // for DBL_EPSILON and FLT_EPSILON
#include <math.h>  // for fabs()

int main(void)
{
    double a = 0.1; // imprecise: (binary) 0.000110...

    // may be false or true
    if (a + a + a + a + a + a + a + a + a + a == 1.0) {
        printf("10 * 0.1 is indeed 1.0. This is not guaranteed in the general case.\n");
    }

    // Using a small delta value.
    if (fabs(a + a + a + a + a + a + a + a + a + a - 1.0) < 0.000001) {
        // C99 5.2.4.2.2p8 guarantees at least 10 decimal digits
        // of precision for the double type.
        printf("10 * 0.1 is almost 1.0.\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

另一個例子：

gcc -O3   -g   -I./inc   -std=c11   -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wold-style-definition       rd11.c -o rd11 -L./lib -lsoq 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

static inline double rel_diff(double a, double b)
{
    return fabs(a - b) / fmax(fabs(a), fabs(b));
}

int main(void)
{
    double d1 = 3.14159265358979;
    double d2 = 355.0 / 113.0;

    double epsilon = 1.0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        if (rel_diff(d1, d2) < epsilon)
            printf("%d:%.10f <=> %.10f within tolerance %.10f (rel diff %.4E)\n",
                   i, d1, d2, epsilon, rel_diff(d1, d2));
        else
            printf("%d:%.10f <=> %.10f out of tolerance %.10f (rel diff %.4E)\n",
                   i, d1, d2, epsilon, rel_diff(d1, d2));
        epsilon /= 10.0;
    }
    return 0;
}

輸出：

0:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 1.0000000000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
1:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 0.1000000000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
2:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 0.0100000000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
3:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 0.0010000000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
4:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 0.0001000000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
5:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 0.0000100000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
6:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 0.0000010000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
7:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 within tolerance 0.0000001000 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
8:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 out of tolerance 0.0000000100 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)
9:3.1415926536 <=> 3.1415929204 out of tolerance 0.0000000010 (rel diff 8.4914E-08)