stduncaught 異常

Version >= C++ 17

C++ 17 引入了 int std::uncaught_exceptions()（以取代有限的 bool std::uncaught_exception()），以瞭解當前有多少例外未被捕獲。這允許類確定它是否在堆疊展開期間被銷燬。

#include <exception>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

// Apply change on destruction:
// Rollback in case of exception (failure)
// Else Commit (success)
class Transaction
{
public:
    Transaction(const std::string& s) : message(s) {}
    Transaction(const Transaction&) = delete;
    Transaction& operator =(const Transaction&) = delete;
    void Commit() { std::cout << message << ": Commit\n"; }
    void RollBack() noexcept(true) { std::cout << message << ": Rollback\n"; }

    // ...

    ~Transaction() {
        if (uncaughtExceptionCount == std::uncaught_exceptions()) {
            Commit(); // May throw.
        } else { // current stack unwinding
            RollBack();
        }
    }

private:
    std::string message;
    int uncaughtExceptionCount = std::uncaught_exceptions();
};

class Foo
{
public:
    ~Foo() {
        try {
            Transaction transaction("In ~Foo"); // Commit,
                                            // even if there is an uncaught exception
            //...
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            std::cerr << "exception/~Foo:" << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    try {
        Transaction transaction("In main"); // RollBack
        Foo foo; // ~Foo commit its transaction.
        //...
        throw std::runtime_error("Error");
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "exception/main:" << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
}

輸出：

In ~Foo: Commit
In main: Rollback
exception/main:Error