使用 ButterKnife 繫結檢視

我們可以使用 @BindView 和 Butter Knife 的檢視 ID 來註釋欄位,以便在我們的佈局中查詢並自動投射相應的檢視。

繫結檢視

在活動中繫結檢視

class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
  @BindView(R.id.title) TextView title;
  @BindView(R.id.subtitle) TextView subtitle;
  @BindView(R.id.footer) TextView footer;

  @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
    ButterKnife.bind(this);
    // TODO Use fields...
  }
}

在片段中繫結檢視

public class FancyFragment extends Fragment {
  @BindView(R.id.button1) Button button1;
  @BindView(R.id.button2) Button button2;
  private Unbinder unbinder;

  @Override 
  public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false);
    unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
    // TODO Use fields...
    return view;
  }
  
  // in fragments or non activity bindings we need to unbind the binding when view is about to be destroyed
  @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unbinder.unbind();
    }
}

在對話方塊中繫結檢視

我們可以使用 ButterKnife.findById 查詢檢視,活動或對話方塊的檢視。它使用泛型來推斷返回型別並自動執行強制轉換。

View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.thing, null);
TextView firstName = ButterKnife.findById(view, R.id.first_name);
TextView lastName = ButterKnife.findById(view, R.id.last_name);
ImageView photo = ButterKnife.findById(view, R.id.photo);

在 ViewHolder 中繫結檢視

static class ViewHolder {
    @BindView(R.id.title) TextView name;
    @BindView(R.id.job_title) TextView jobTitle;

    public ViewHolder(View view) {
      ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
    }
  }

繫結資源

除了對繫結檢視有用之外,還可以使用 ButterKnife 繫結資源,例如 strings.xmldrawables.xmlcolors.xmldimens.xml 等中定義的資源。

public class ExampleActivity extends Activity {

    @BindString(R.string.title) String title;
    @BindDrawable(R.drawable.graphic) Drawable graphic;
    @BindColor(R.color.red) int red; // int or ColorStateList field
    @BindDimen(R.dimen.spacer) Float spacer; // int (for pixel size) or float (for exact value) field

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     
        // ...

        ButterKnife.bind(this);
    }

}

繫結檢視列表

你可以將多個檢視分組到 List 或陣列中。當我們需要一次對多個檢視執行一個操作時,這非常有用。

@BindViews({ R.id.first_name, R.id.middle_name, R.id.last_name })
List<EditText> nameViews;

//The apply method allows you to act on all the views in a list at once.
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, DISABLE);
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, ENABLED, false);

//We can use Action and Setter interfaces allow specifying simple behavior.
static final ButterKnife.Action<View> DISABLE = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() {
  @Override public void apply(View view, int index) {
    view.setEnabled(false);
  }
};
static final ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean> ENABLED = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() {
  @Override public void set(View view, Boolean value, int index) {
    view.setEnabled(value);
  }
};

可選繫結

預設情況下,@Bind 和偵聽器繫結都是必需的。如果找不到目標檢視,則丟擲異常。但是如果我們不確定某個檢視是否存在,那麼我們可以在欄位或 @Optional 註釋中新增 @Nullable 註釋,以抑制此行為並建立可選繫結。

@Nullable 
@BindView(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere;

@Optional 
@OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) 
void onMaybeMissingClicked() {
  // TODO ...
}