LAMP 项目

在此示例中，使用 Vagrant 创建自定义 LAMP 项目开发环境。

首先，你需要安装 Virtual Box 和 Vagrant 。

然后，在主目录中创建 vagrant 文件夹，打开终端并将当前目录更改为新的 vagrant 目录。现在，执行 vagrant init。将在里面创建一个 Vagrantfile 文件，它将如下所示：

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "base"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
  # such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
  # config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
  #   push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
  # end

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   sudo apt-get update
  #   sudo apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

添加或取消注释编辑上述文件的下一行：

config.vm.box = "hashicorp/precise64"
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.10"
config.ssh.forward_agent = true
if Vagrant::Util::Platform.windows?
  config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant"
else
  config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant", type: "nfs"
end
# https://stefanwrobel.com/how-to-make-vagrant-performance-not-suck
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
  host = RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os']

  # Give VM 1/4 system memory & access to all cpu cores on the host
  if host =~ /darwin/
    cpus = `sysctl -n hw.ncpu`.to_i
    # sysctl returns Bytes and we need to convert to MB
    mem = `sysctl -n hw.memsize`.to_i / 1024 / 1024 / 4
  elsif host =~ /linux/
    cpus = `nproc`.to_i
    # meminfo shows KB and we need to convert to MB
    mem = `grep 'MemTotal' /proc/meminfo | sed -e 's/MemTotal://' -e 's/ kB//'`.to_i / 1024 / 4
  else # sorry Windows folks, I can't help you
    cpus = 2
    mem = 1024
  end

  v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", mem]
  v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--cpus", cpus]
end

编辑 hosts 文件，将所需的域重定向到流浪的 VM。对于 Linux，它用作/etc/hosts，用于 Windows C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts; 并添加此行：

192.168.33.10 vagrantServer.com

当然，你可以用任何名称替换 vagrantServer.com。

现在是时候创建 bootstrap.sh 文件了（在 vagrant 目录中）。每次从头开始生成 VM 时，都会执行此脚本。仔细阅读评论：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# .ssh/authorized_keys (you will need to create a `.ssh` directory inside the `vagrant` one and add a file named `authorized_keys` with the public keys of the users who have access to the repository and may use this environment).
# You also will have to grant access to those public keys from the Github account, Bitbucket, or whatever you're using.
cat /vagrant/config/authorized_keys >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
if ! [ -d /root/.ssh ]; then
  mkdir /root/.ssh
fi
cp /vagrant/config/authorized_keys /root/.ssh
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

# Install packages
apt-get update
apt-get install -y python-software-properties
add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5 -y
apt-get update
apt-get install -y curl nano apache2 php5 php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php5-mcrypt git

# Apache2 run with user vagrant
APACHEUSR=`grep -c 'APACHE_RUN_USER=www-data' /etc/apache2/envvars`
APACHEGRP=`grep -c 'APACHE_RUN_GROUP=www-data' /etc/apache2/envvars`
if [ APACHEUSR ]; then
    sed -i 's/APACHE_RUN_USER=www-data/APACHE_RUN_USER=vagrant/' /etc/apache2/envvars
fi
if [ APACHEGRP ]; then
    sed -i 's/APACHE_RUN_GROUP=www-data/APACHE_RUN_GROUP=vagrant/' /etc/apache2/envvars
fi
sudo chown -R vagrant:www-data /var/lock/apache2

# Set user/password to mysql previously to installation
# Replace rootMysqlPassword with your desired MySQL root password
debconf-set-selections <<< 'mysql-server mysql-server/root_password password rootMysqlPassword'
debconf-set-selections <<< 'mysql-server mysql-server/root_password_again password rootMysqlPassword'

# Install mysql
apt-get update
apt-get install -y mysql-server mysql-client

# Link /vagrant (sync_folder) to apache directory (/var/www)
if ! [ -L /var/www ]; then
  rm -rf /var/www
  ln -fs /vagrant /var/www
fi

# Install composer
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

# Composer example. Uncoment to istall phpunit
#composer global require "phpunit/phpunit=3.7.*" --prefer-source

# Create mysql database (replace "vagrantDB" with any desired database name, and "rootMysqlPassword" with the password set above)
mysql -u root -prootMysqlPassword -v -e "CREATE USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'dev'; 
CREATE SCHEMA vagrantDB;
GRANT ALL ON vagrantDB TO 'developer'@'%';"

# Uncomment to set default database fixtures based on `/vagrant/config/vagrantDBFixtures.sql` file.
#mysql -u root -prootMysqlPassword -v vagrantDB < /vagrant/config/vagrantDBFixtures.sql

###################################################
################ THIS IS OPTIONAL #################
###################################################

# Install nodejs
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup | sudo bash -
apt-get install -y nodejs

# Install npm packages
npm install -g npm
npm install -g bower
npm install -g forever
npm install -g gulp

# Set accepted license before install java
echo debconf shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 select true | sudo debconf-set-selections
echo debconf shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 seen true | sudo debconf-set-selections

# Install java7
apt-get install -y oracle-java7-installer oracle-java7-set-default

###################################################
################### END OPTIONAL ##################
###################################################

# Generate ssh key without passphrase
ssh-keygen -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -t rsa -N ""

# Add bitbucket and github to known hosts
touch /root/.ssh/known_hosts
ssh-keyscan -H bitbucket.org >> /root/.ssh/known_hosts
ssh-keyscan -H github.com >> /root/.ssh/known_hosts

# Source: https://gist.github.com/winhamwr/7122947
# Sleep until we can successfully SSH into Bitbucket.
# Uses doublinng backoff while waiting 
# with_backoff() adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/8351489
# Retries a command a configurable number of times with backoff.
#
# The retry count is given by ATTEMPTS (default 5), the initial backoff
# timeout is given by TIMEOUT in seconds (default 1.)
#
# Successive backoffs double the timeout.
#generatedKey="`cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`"
echo -n "Generate a SSH key (https://help.github.com/articles/generating-ssh-keys/) 
and add it to your Bitbucket account (Profile -> SHH keys) to continue. "

with_backoff() {
  local max_attempts=${ATTEMPTS-5}
  local timeout=${TIMEOUT-1}
  local attempt=0
  local exitCode=0
 
  while [ $attempt -lt $max_attempts ]
  do
    set +e
    "$@"
    exitCode=$?
    set -e
 
    if [ $exitCode -eq 0 ]
    then
      break
    fi
 
    echo "Failure! Retrying in $timeout.." 1>&2
    sleep $timeout
    attempt=$(( attempt + 1 ))
    timeout=$(( timeout * 2 ))
  done
 
  if [ $exitCode -ne 0 ]
  then
    echo "You've failed me for the last time! ($@)" 1>&2
  fi
 
  return $exitCode
}
 
ATTEMPTS=${ATTEMPTS:-5}
 
export ATTEMPTS
with_backoff ssh -T git@bitbucket.org;

# Clone repositories (replace "yourProjectName" and "yourProjectRepository" with your project data)
cd /var/www
rm -rf yourProjectName/
git clone yourProjectRepository

# Add server names to /etc/hosts (replace "vagrantServer.com" with the domain set above)
echo -e '\n127.0.0.1       vagrantServer.com' >> /etc/hosts

# Enable apache modes
a2enmod rewrite

# Copy sites-available file (you need to add the Apache configuration file for the desired domain in `config/sites-available`. Replace "vagrantServer.conf" with the desired name)
cp /vagrant/config/sites-available/vagrantServer.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/

# Remove html from document root
sed -i 's/\/var\/www\/html/\/var\/www/g' /etc/apache2/sites-available/*
service apache2 restart

# Enable sites (replace "vagrantServer.conf" with the above file name)
a2ensite vagrantServer.conf

# Install ruby, compass and sass (Optional)
apt-get install -y rubygems
gem install compass
npm install -g sass

# Pull the repo
cd /var/www/yourProjectName
git pull --all

检查并保存上面的文件后，再次转到终端，将当前目录更改为之前创建的 vagrant，然后键入 vagrant up。将创建 VM，并从 VM 执行 boostrap 文件，因此将复制/安装所有需要的东西。完成后，你可以打开浏览器转到 vagrantServer.com（或你提供的任何名称），你应该看到流浪汉 VM 提供的内容。

你还可以通过 vagrant/yourProjectName 目录编辑项目文件，并且将在主机和流浪者 VM 之间共享和同步 vagrant 目录中的所有文件。