用于显式错误处理的捕获和切换模式

class Plane {
    
    enum Emergency: ErrorType {
        case NoFuel
        case EngineFailure(reason: String)
        case DamagedWing
    }

    var fuelInKilograms: Int

    //... init and other methods not shown

    func fly() throws {
        // ...
        if fuelInKilograms <= 0 {
            // uh oh...
            throw Emergency.NoFuel
        }
    }

}

在客户端类中：

let airforceOne = Plane()
do {
    try airforceOne.fly()
} catch let emergency as Plane.Emergency {
    switch emergency {
    case .NoFuel:
        // call nearest airport for emergency landing
    case .EngineFailure(let reason):
        print(reason) // let the mechanic know the reason
    case .DamagedWing:
        // Assess the damage and determine if the president can make it
    }
}