消息传递模块组成

Ruby 在对象的祖先链上移动。该链可以包含模块和类。关于向上移动链的相同规则也适用于模块。

class Example
end

module Prepended
  def initialize *args
    return super :default if args.empty?
    super
  end
end

module FirstIncluded
  def foo
    :first
  end
end

module SecondIncluded
  def foo
    :second
  end
end

class SubExample < Example
  prepend Prepended
  include FirstIncluded
  include SecondIncluded

  def initialize data = :subexample
    puts data
  end
end

SubExample.ancestors # => [Prepended, SubExample, SecondIncluded, FirstIncluded, Example, Object, Kernel, BasicObject]

s = SubExample.new # => :default
s.foo # => :second