单例类

单例是一种模式，它将类的实例化限制为一个实例/对象。有关 python singleton 设计模式的更多信息，请参见此处 。

class Singleton:
    def __new__(cls):
        try:
            it = cls.__it__
        except AttributeError:
            it = cls.__it__ = object.__new__(cls)
        return it

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{}>'.format(self.__class__.__name__.upper())

    def __eq__(self, other):
         return other is self

另一种方法是装饰你的类。按照此答案的示例创建一个 Singleton 类：

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Other than that, there are
    no restrictions that apply to the decorated class.

    To get the singleton instance, use the `Instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    Limitations: The decorated class cannot be inherited from.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def Instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `Instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

要使用，你可以使用 Instance 方法

@Singleton
class Single:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name=None
        self.val=0
    def getName(self):
        print(self.name)

x=Single.Instance()
y=Single.Instance()
x.name='I\'m single'
x.getName() # outputs I'm single
y.getName() # outputs I'm single