使用 sigaction 设置信号处理程序并使用 raise 来提升信号

为了使程序对某个信号作出反应，除了使用默认动作之外，可以使用 sigaction 安装自定义信号处理程序。sigaction 接收三个参数 - 信号作用于，sigaction_t 结构的指针，如果不是 NULL，正在描述新行为和指向 sigaction_t 的指针，如果不是 NULL 将填充旧行为（因此可以恢复它）。使用 raise 方法可以在同一过程中提升信号。如果需要更多控制（将信号发送到其他进程，可以使用 kill 或 pthread_kill，它接受目标进程 ID 或线程 ID）。

#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// Signals are numbered from 1, signal 0 doesn't exist
volatile sig_atomic_t last_received_signal = 0;

// Signal handler, will set the global variable
// to indicate what is the last signal received.
// There should be as less work as possible inside
// signal handler routine, and one must take care only
// to call reentrant functions (in case of signal arriving
// while program is already executing same function)
void signal_catcher(int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *context)
{
    last_received_signal = info->si_signo;
}

int main (int argc, char** argv)
{
    // Setup a signal handler for SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2
    struct sigaction act;
    memset(&act, 0, sizeof act);

    // sigact structure holding old configuration
    // (will be filled by sigaction):
    struct sigaction old_1;
    memset(&old_1, 0, sizeof old_1);
    struct sigaction old_2;
    memset(&old_2, 0, sizeof old_2);

    act.sa_sigaction = signal_catcher;
    // When passing sa_sigaction, SA_SIGINFO flag
    // must be specified. Otherwise, function pointed
    // by act.sa_handler will be invoked
    act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;

    if (0 != sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, &old_1))
    {
        perror("sigaction () failed installing SIGUSR1 handler");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    if (0 != sigaction(SIGUSR2, &act, &old_2))
    {
        perror("sigaction() failed installing SIGUSR2 handler");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    // Main body of "work" during which two signals
    // will be raised, after 5 and 10 seconds, and which
    // will print last received signal
    for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++)
    {
        if (i == 5)
        {
            if (0 != raise(SIGUSR1))
            {
                perror("Can't raise SIGUSR1");
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
        }

        if (i == 10)
        {
            if (0 != raise(SIGUSR2))
            {
                perror("Can't raise SIGUSR2");
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
        }

        printf("Tick #%d, last caught signal: %d\n",
            i, last_received_signal);

        sleep(1);
    }

    // Restore old signal handlers
    if (0 != sigaction(SIGUSR1, &old_1, NULL))
    {
        perror("sigaction() failed restoring SIGUSR1 handler");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    if (0 != sigaction(SIGUSR2, &old_2, NULL))
    {
        perror("sigaction() failed restoring SIGUSR2 handler");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

这输出：

Tick #1, last caught signal: 0
Tick #2, last caught signal: 0
Tick #3, last caught signal: 0
Tick #4, last caught signal: 0
Tick #5, last caught signal: 30
Tick #6, last caught signal: 30
Tick #7, last caught signal: 30
Tick #8, last caught signal: 30
Tick #9, last caught signal: 30
Tick #10, last caught signal: 31
Tick #11, last caught signal: 31
Tick #12, last caught signal: 31
Tick #13, last caught signal: 31
Tick #14, last caught signal: 31
Tick #15, last caught signal: 31