创建子进程并等待它退出

此程序演示了如何使用运行另一个进程 fork() 和使用等待其终止 waitpid() ：

• fork() 创建当前进程的相同副本。原始进程是父进程，而新创建的进程是子进程。两个过程都在 fork() 之后继续。

• waitpid() 阻止，直到子进程退出或终止并返回其退出代码和终止原因。

#include <unistd.h>     /* for fork(), getpid() */
#include <sys/types.h>  /* for waitpid() */
#include <sys/wait.h>   /* for waitpid() */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* for exit() */
#include <stdio.h>      /* for printf(), perror() */

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    /* Create child process.
     *
     * On success, fork() returns the process ID of the child (> 0) to the
     * parent and 0 to the child. On error, -1 is returned.
     */
    pid_t child_pid = fork();

    if (child_pid < 0) {
        perror("fork() failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    } else if (child_pid == 0) {
        /* Print message from child process.
         *
         * getpid() returns the PID (process identifier) of current process,
         * which is typically int but doesn't have to be, so we cast it.
         *
         * getppid() returns the PID of the parent process.
         */
        printf("from child: pid=%d, parent_pid=%d\n",
                 (int)getpid(), (int)getppid());

        /* We can do something here, e.g. load another program using exec().
         */
        exit(33);
    } else if (child_pid > 0) {
        /* Print message from parent process.
         */
        printf("from parent: pid=%d child_pid=%d\n",
                  (int)getpid(), (int)child_pid); 
        
        /* Wait until child process exits or terminates.
         *
         * The return value of waitpid() is PID of the child process, while
         * its argument is filled with exit code and termination reason.
         */
        int status;
        pid_t waited_pid = waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0);

        if (waited_pid < 0) {
            perror("waitpid() failed");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        } else if (waited_pid == child_pid) {
            if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
                /* WIFEXITED(status) returns true if the child has terminated 
                 * normally. In this case WEXITSTATUS(status) returns child's
                 * exit code.
                 */
                printf("from parent: child exited with code %d\n",
                          WEXITSTATUS(status));
            }
        }
    }

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

输出示例：

from parent: pid=2486 child_pid=2487
from child: pid=2487, parent_pid=2486
from parent: child exited with code 33

复制自这里 ，最初由 M.Geiger 创建。