处理程序选项

可以使用 getopt() 函数处理程序选项。它的操作方式与 POSIX getopt 命令类似，并且支持 GNU 样式的长选项。

#!/usr/bin/php

// a single colon indicates the option takes a value
// a double colon indicates the value may be omitted
$shortopts = "hf:v::d";
// GNU-style long options are not required
$longopts = ["help", "version"];
$opts = getopt($shortopts, $longopts);

// options without values are assigned a value of boolean false
// you must check their existence, not their truthiness
if (isset($opts["h"]) || isset($opts["help"])) {
    fprintf(STDERR, "Here is some help!\n");
    exit;
}

// long options are called with two hyphens: "--version"
if (isset($opts["version"])) {
    fprintf(STDERR, "%s Version 223.45" . PHP_EOL, $argv[0]);
    exit;
}

// options with values can be called like "-f foo", "-ffoo", or "-f=foo"
$file = "";
if (isset($opts["f"])) {
    $file = $opts["f"];
}
if (empty($file)) {
    fprintf(STDERR, "We wanted a file!" . PHP_EOL);
    exit(1);
}
fprintf(STDOUT, "File is %s" . PHP_EOL, $file);

// options with optional values must be called like "-v5" or "-v=5"
$verbosity = 0;
if (isset($opts["v"])) {
    $verbosity = ($opts["v"] === false) ? 1 : (int)$opts["v"];
}
fprintf(STDOUT, "Verbosity is %d" . PHP_EOL, $verbosity);

// options called multiple times are passed as an array
$debug = 0;
if (isset($opts["d"])) {
    $debug = is_array($opts["d"]) ? count($opts["d"]) : 1;
}
fprintf(STDOUT, "Debug is %d" . PHP_EOL, $debug);

// there is no automated way for getopt to handle unexpected options

这个脚本可以这样测试：

./test.php --help
./test.php --version
./test.php -f foo -ddd
./test.php -v -d -ffoo
./test.php -v5 -f=foo
./test.php -f foo -v 5 -d

请注意，最后一种方法不起作用，因为 -v 5 无效。

注意： 从 PHP 5.3.0 开始，getopt 与操作系统无关，也适用于 Windows。