查找对象类

要查找对象是由某个构造函数构造还是从某个构造函数构造的构造函数，可以使用 instanceof 命令：

//We want this function to take the sum of the numbers passed to it
//It can be called as sum(1, 2, 3) or sum([1, 2, 3]) and should give 6
function sum(...arguments) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        const [firstArg] = arguments
        if (firstArg instanceof Array) { //firstArg is something like [1, 2, 3]
            return sum(...firstArg) //calls sum(1, 2, 3)
        }
    }
    return arguments.reduce((a, b) => a + b)
}

console.log(sum(1, 2, 3))   //6
console.log(sum([1, 2, 3])) //6
console.log(sum(4))         //4

请注意，原始值不被视为任何类的实例：

console.log(2 instanceof Number)        //false
console.log('abc' instanceof String)    //false
console.log(true instanceof Boolean)    //false
console.log(Symbol() instanceof Symbol) //false

除了 null 和 undefined 之外，JavaScript 中的每个值都有一个 constructor 属性，用于存储用于构造它的函数。这甚至适用于原始值。

//Whereas instanceof also catches instances of subclasses,
//using obj.constructor does not
console.log([] instanceof Object, [] instanceof Array)           //true true
console.log([].constructor === Object, [].constructor === Array) //false true

function isNumber(value) {
    //null.constructor and undefined.constructor throw an error when accessed
    if (value === null || value === undefined) return false
    return value.constructor === Number
}
console.log(isNumber(null), isNumber(undefined))                  //false false
console.log(isNumber('abc'), isNumber([]), isNumber(() => 1))     //false false false
console.log(isNumber(0), isNumber(Number('10.1')), isNumber(NaN)) //true true true