DispatchGroup 介绍

假设你有多个线程正在运行。每个线程都在执行一项任务。当所有任务线程都完成时，你希望在 mainThread 或其他线程上收到通知。

这个问题的最简单的解决方案是 DispatchGroup。

当使用 DispatchGroup 时，对于每个请求，你都可以分组，并且对于每个完成的请求，你都可以使用 DispatchGroup。

当群组中不再有请求时，你将成为 notify（已通知）。

用法：

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        
        let dispatchGroup = DispatchGroup() //Create a group for the tasks.
        let session: URLSession = URLSession.shared
        
        dispatchGroup.enter() //Enter the group for the first task.
        
        let firstTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://stackoverflow.com")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..
            
            dispatchGroup.leave() //Leave the group for the first task.
        }

        
        dispatchGroup.enter()  //Enter the group for the second task.
        
        let secondTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://google.ca")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..
            
            dispatchGroup.leave()  //Leave the group for the second task.
        }
        
        
        //Get notified on the main thread/queue.. when ALL of the tasks above has been completed.
        dispatchGroup.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main) { 
            
            print("Every task is complete")
            
        }
        
        
        //Start the tasks.
        firstTask.resume()
        secondTask.resume()
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }
}

有了上述内容，在完成所有任务之前，你无需无限制地使用 wait。你可以在所有任务开始之前显示加载程序，并在完成所有任务后关闭加载程序。这样，你的主线程不会被阻止，你的代码仍然保持干净。

现在假设你还希望将任务设置为 ordered 或按顺序将其响应添加到数组中。你可以执行以下操作：

import UIKit

//Locking mechanism..
func synchronized(_ lock: AnyObject, closure: () -> Void) {
    objc_sync_enter(lock)
    closure()
    objc_sync_exit(lock)
}

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    let lock = NSObject() //Object to lock on.
    var responseArray = Array<Data?>() //Array of responses.
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        let dispatchGroup = DispatchGroup()
        let session: URLSession = URLSession.shared
        
        dispatchGroup.enter() //Enter the group for the first task.
        
        let firstTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://stackoverflow.com")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..

            synchronized(self.lock, closure: { () -> Void in
                self.responseArray[0] = data ?? nil
            })

            dispatchGroup.leave() //Leave the group for the first task.
        }

        
        dispatchGroup.enter()  //Enter the group for the second task.
        
        let secondTask = session.dataTask(with: URLRequest(url: URL(string: "https://google.ca")!)) { (data, response, error) in
            
            //Process Response..
            
            synchronized(self.lock, closure: { () -> Void in
                self.responseArray[1] = data ?? nil
            })
            
            dispatchGroup.leave()  //Leave the group for the second task.
        }
        
        
        //Get notified on the main thread.. when ALL of the requests above has been completed.
        dispatchGroup.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main) { 
            
            print("Every task is complete..")
            
            for i in 0..<self.responseArray.count {
                
                if self.responseArray[i] == nil {
                    print("Request #\(i) Failed.\n")
                }
                else {
                    print("Request #\(i) Succeeded.\n")
                }
            }
        }
        
        //Two tasks added to the array. Responses are assumed nil until they complete.
        self.responseArray.append(nil)
        self.responseArray.append(nil)
        
        //Start the tasks.
        firstTask.resume()
        secondTask.resume()
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }
}

笔记

每个条目都必须在 DispatchGroup 中有一个出口。如果你在 entering 之后忘记了 leave，那么你就是在为自己做好准备。任务完成后，你将永远不会收到通知。

enter 的数量必须等于 leave 的数量。