使用 Robert Penners 方程式缓和
缓和导致某些变量在一段时间内不均匀地变化。 ****
变量 必须能够表示为数字，并且可以表示各种各样的事物：
- 一个 X 坐标，
- 矩形的宽度，
- 一个旋转角度，
- R，G，B 颜色的红色成分。
- 任何可以表示为数字的东西。
持续时间 必须能够表示为数字，也可以是各种各样的东西：
- 一段时间，
- 要走的距离，
- 一定数量的动画循环要执行，
- 任何可以表达为的东西
不均匀 意味着变量从开始到结束值不均匀地进展：
- 开头更快，结尾更慢 - 反之亦然，
- 超过结束但随着持续时间的结束而回到结尾，
- 在此期间弹性地反复前进/后退，
- 随着持续时间的结束，在休息时反弹。
归因：罗伯特·彭纳（Robert Penner）创造了宽松功能的黄金标准。
引用： https ： //github.com/danro/jquery-easing/blob/master/jquery.easing.js
// t: elapsed time inside duration (currentTime-startTime),
// b: beginning value,
// c: total change from beginning value (endingValue-startingValue),
// d: total duration
var Easings={
easeInQuad: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c*(t/=d)*t + b;
},
easeOutQuad: function (t, b, c, d) {
return -c *(t/=d)*(t-2) + b;
},
easeInOutQuad: function (t, b, c, d) {
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t + b;
return -c/2 * ((--t)*(t-2) - 1) + b;
},
easeInCubic: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c*(t/=d)*t*t + b;
},
easeOutCubic: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t + 1) + b;
},
easeInOutCubic: function (t, b, c, d) {
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t + b;
return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t + 2) + b;
},
easeInQuart: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t + b;
},
easeOutQuart: function (t, b, c, d) {
return -c * ((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t - 1) + b;
},
easeInOutQuart: function (t, b, c, d) {
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t + b;
return -c/2 * ((t-=2)*t*t*t - 2) + b;
},
easeInQuint: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t + b;
},
easeOutQuint: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t*t + 1) + b;
},
easeInOutQuint: function (t, b, c, d) {
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t*t + b;
return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t*t*t + 2) + b;
},
easeInSine: function (t, b, c, d) {
return -c * Math.cos(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + c + b;
},
easeOutSine: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c * Math.sin(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + b;
},
easeInOutSine: function (t, b, c, d) {
return -c/2 * (Math.cos(Math.PI*t/d) - 1) + b;
},
easeInExpo: function (t, b, c, d) {
return (t==0) ? b : c * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t/d - 1)) + b;
},
easeOutExpo: function (t, b, c, d) {
return (t==d) ? b+c : c * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * t/d) + 1) + b;
},
easeInOutExpo: function (t, b, c, d) {
if (t==0) return b;
if (t==d) return b+c;
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2 * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t - 1)) + b;
return c/2 * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * --t) + 2) + b;
},
easeInCirc: function (t, b, c, d) {
return -c * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t/=d)*t) - 1) + b;
},
easeOutCirc: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c * Math.sqrt(1 - (t=t/d-1)*t) + b;
},
easeInOutCirc: function (t, b, c, d) {
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return -c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - t*t) - 1) + b;
return c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t-=2)*t) + 1) + b;
},
easeInElastic: function (t, b, c, d) {
var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
if (t==0) return b; if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c; if (!p) p=d*.3;
if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
return -(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
},
easeOutElastic: function (t, b, c, d) {
var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
if (t==0) return b; if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c; if (!p) p=d*.3;
if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
return a*Math.pow(2,-10*t) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p ) + c + b;
},
easeInOutElastic: function (t, b, c, d) {
var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
if (t==0) return b; if ((t/=d/2)==2) return b+c; if (!p) p=d*(.3*1.5);
if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
if (t < 1) return -.5*(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
return a*Math.pow(2,-10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )*.5 + c + b;
},
easeInBack: function (t, b, c, d, s) {
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
return c*(t/=d)*t*((s+1)*t - s) + b;
},
easeOutBack: function (t, b, c, d, s) {
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*((s+1)*t + s) + 1) + b;
},
easeInOutBack: function (t, b, c, d, s) {
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*(t*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t - s)) + b;
return c/2*((t-=2)*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t + s) + 2) + b;
},
easeInBounce: function (t, b, c, d) {
return c - Easings.easeOutBounce (d-t, 0, c, d) + b;
},
easeOutBounce: function (t, b, c, d) {
if ((t/=d) < (1/2.75)) {
return c*(7.5625*t*t) + b;
} else if (t < (2/2.75)) {
return c*(7.5625*(t-=(1.5/2.75))*t + .75) + b;
} else if (t < (2.5/2.75)) {
return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.25/2.75))*t + .9375) + b;
} else {
return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.625/2.75))*t + .984375) + b;
}
},
easeInOutBounce: function (t, b, c, d) {
if (t < d/2) return Easings.easeInBounce (t*2, 0, c, d) * .5 + b;
return Easings.easeOutBounce (t*2-d, 0, c, d) * .5 + c*.5 + b;
},
};
用法示例：
// include the Easings object from above
var Easings = ...
// Demo
var startTime;
var beginningValue=50; // beginning x-coordinate
var endingValue=450; // ending x-coordinate
var totalChange=endingValue-beginningValue;
var totalDuration=3000; // ms
var keys=Object.keys(Easings);
ctx.textBaseline='middle';
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
function animate(time){
var PI2=Math.PI*2;
if(!startTime){startTime=time;}
var elapsedTime=Math.min(time-startTime,totalDuration);
ctx.clearRect(0,0,cw,ch);
ctx.beginPath();
for(var y=0;y<keys.length;y++){
var key=keys[y];
var easing=Easings[key];
var easedX=easing(
elapsedTime,beginningValue,totalChange,totalDuration);
if(easedX>endingValue){easedX=endingValue;}
ctx.moveTo(easedX,y*15);
ctx.arc(easedX,y*15+10,5,0,PI2);
ctx.fillText(key,460,y*15+10-1);
}
ctx.fill();
if(time<startTime+totalDuration){
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}
}