与工作者池的工作队列

维护工作池的作业队列，对于执行 Web 服务器中的后台处理等操作非常有用：

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "runtime"
  "strconv"
  "sync"
  "time"
)

// Job - interface for job processing
type Job interface {
  Process()
}

// Worker - the worker threads that actually process the jobs
type Worker struct {
  done             sync.WaitGroup
  readyPool        chan chan Job
  assignedJobQueue chan Job

  quit chan bool
}

// JobQueue - a queue for enqueueing jobs to be processed
type JobQueue struct {
  internalQueue     chan Job
  readyPool         chan chan Job
  workers           []*Worker
  dispatcherStopped sync.WaitGroup
  workersStopped    sync.WaitGroup
  quit              chan bool
}

// NewJobQueue - creates a new job queue
func NewJobQueue(maxWorkers int) *JobQueue {
  workersStopped := sync.WaitGroup{}
  readyPool := make(chan chan Job, maxWorkers)
  workers := make([]*Worker, maxWorkers, maxWorkers)
  for i := 0; i < maxWorkers; i++ {
    workers[i] = NewWorker(readyPool, workersStopped)
  }
  return &JobQueue{
    internalQueue:     make(chan Job),
    readyPool:         readyPool,
    workers:           workers,
    dispatcherStopped: sync.WaitGroup{},
    workersStopped:    workersStopped,
    quit:              make(chan bool),
  }
}

// Start - starts the worker routines and dispatcher routine
func (q *JobQueue) Start() {
  for i := 0; i < len(q.workers); i++ {
    q.workers[i].Start()
  }
  go q.dispatch()
}

// Stop - stops the workers and sispatcher routine
func (q *JobQueue) Stop() {
  q.quit <- true
  q.dispatcherStopped.Wait()
}

func (q *JobQueue) dispatch() {
  q.dispatcherStopped.Add(1)
  for {
    select {
    case job := <-q.internalQueue: // We got something in on our queue
      workerChannel := <-q.readyPool // Check out an available worker
      workerChannel <- job           // Send the request to the channel
    case <-q.quit:
      for i := 0; i < len(q.workers); i++ {
        q.workers[i].Stop()
      }
      q.workersStopped.Wait()
      q.dispatcherStopped.Done()
      return
    }
  }
}

// Submit - adds a new job to be processed
func (q *JobQueue) Submit(job Job) {
  q.internalQueue <- job
}

// NewWorker - creates a new worker
func NewWorker(readyPool chan chan Job, done sync.WaitGroup) *Worker {
  return &Worker{
    done:             done,
    readyPool:        readyPool,
    assignedJobQueue: make(chan Job),
    quit:             make(chan bool),
  }
}

// Start - begins the job processing loop for the worker
func (w *Worker) Start() {
  go func() {
    w.done.Add(1)
    for {
      w.readyPool <- w.assignedJobQueue // check the job queue in
      select {
      case job := <-w.assignedJobQueue: // see if anything has been assigned to the queue
        job.Process()
      case <-w.quit:
        w.done.Done()
        return
      }
    }
  }()
}

// Stop - stops the worker
func (w *Worker) Stop() {
  w.quit <- true
}

//////////////// Example //////////////////

// TestJob - holds only an ID to show state
type TestJob struct {
  ID string
}

// Process - test process function
func (t *TestJob) Process() {
  fmt.Printf("Processing job '%s'\n", t.ID)
  time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}

func main() {
  queue := NewJobQueue(runtime.NumCPU())
  queue.Start()
  defer queue.Stop()

  for i := 0; i < 4*runtime.NumCPU(); i++ {
    queue.Submit(&TestJob{strconv.Itoa(i)})
  }
}