格式化文本
包 fmt
实现了使用格式动词打印和格式化文本的功能。动词用百分号表示。
一般动词:
%v // the value in a default format
// when printing structs, the plus flag (%+v) adds field names
%#v // a Go-syntax representation of the value
%T // a Go-syntax representation of the type of the value
%% // a literal percent sign; consumes no value
布尔:
%t // the word true or false
整数:
%b // base 2
%c // the character represented by the corresponding Unicode code point
%d // base 10
%o // base 8
%q // a single-quoted character literal safely escaped with Go syntax.
%x // base 16, with lower-case letters for a-f
%X // base 16, with upper-case letters for A-F
%U // Unicode format: U+1234; same as "U+%04X"
浮点和复杂的成分:
%b // decimalless scientific notation with exponent a power of two,
// in the manner of strconv.FormatFloat with the 'b' format,
// e.g. -123456p-78
%e // scientific notation, e.g. -1.234456e+78
%E // scientific notation, e.g. -1.234456E+78
%f // decimal point but no exponent, e.g. 123.456
%F // synonym for %f
%g // %e for large exponents, %f otherwise
%G // %E for large exponents, %F otherwise
字符串和字节切片(与这些动词等效处理):
%s // the uninterpreted bytes of the string or slice
%q // a double-quoted string safely escaped with Go syntax
%x // base 16, lower-case, two characters per byte
%X // base 16, upper-case, two characters per byte
指针:
%p // base 16 notation, with leading 0x
使用动词,你可以创建串联多种类型的字符串:
text1 := fmt.Sprintf("Hello %s", "World")
text2 := fmt.Sprintf("%d + %d = %d", 2, 3, 5)
text3 := fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s (Age: %d)", "Obama", "Barack", 55)
函数 Sprintf
格式化第一个参数中的字符串,用下一个参数中的值替换动词,并返回结果。像 Sprintf
一样,函数 Printf
也可以格式化,但不是返回结果,而是打印字符串。