使用处理函数

HandleFunc 在服务器 mux(路由器)中注册给定模式的处理函数。

你可以传递定义匿名函数,正如我们在基本的 Hello World 示例中看到的那样 :

http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello, world!")
}

但我们也可以通过 HandlerFunc 类型。换句话说,我们可以传递任何尊重以下签名的函数:

func FunctionName(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request)

我们可以重写上一个示例,将引用传递给先前定义的 HandlerFunc。这是完整的例子:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

// A HandlerFunc function
// Notice the signature of the function
func RootHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello, world!")
}

func main() {
    // Here we pass the reference to the `RootHandler` handler function
    http.HandleFunc("/", RootHandler)
    panic(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

当然,你可以为不同的路径定义多个函数处理程序。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

func FooHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello from foo!")
}

func BarHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello from bar!")
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/foo", FooHandler)
    http.HandleFunc("/bar", BarHandler)

    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

这是使用 cURL 的输出:

➜  ~ curl -i localhost:8080/foo
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2016 18:23:08 GMT
Content-Length: 16
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Hello from foo!

➜  ~ curl -i localhost:8080/bar
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2016 18:23:10 GMT
Content-Length: 16
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Hello from bar!

➜  ~ curl -i localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2016 18:23:13 GMT
Content-Length: 19

404 page not found