返回错误

在 Go 中你不会引发错误。相反，如果发生故障，你将返回 error。

// This method can fail
func DoSomething() error {
    // functionThatReportsOK is a side-effecting function that reports its
    // state as a boolean. NOTE: this is not a good practice, so this example
    // turns the boolean value into an error. Normally, you'd rewrite this
    // function if it is under your control.
    if ok := functionThatReportsOK(); !ok {
        return errors.New("functionThatReportsSuccess returned a non-ok state")
    }

    // The method succeeded. You still have to return an error
    // to properly obey to the method signature.
    // But in this case you return a nil error.
    return nil
}

如果该方法返回多个值（并且执行可能失败），则标准约定是将错误作为最后一个参数返回。

// This method can fail and, when it succeeds,
// it returns a string.
func DoAndReturnSomething() (string, error) {
    if os.Getenv("ERROR") == "1" {
        return "", errors.New("The method failed")
    }

    s := "Success!"

    // The method succeeded.
    return s, nil
}

result, err := DoAndReturnSomething()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}