创建数组
go 中的数组是相同类型元素的有序集合。
表示数组的基本表示法是使用 [] 和变量名。
创建一个新数组看起来像 var array = [size]Type，用数字替换 size（例如 42 指定它将是 42 个元素的列表），并用数组可以包含的元素类型替换 Type（例如 int 或 string）
在它下面是一个代码示例，显示了在 Go 中创建数组的不同方法。
// Creating arrays of 6 elements of type int,
// and put elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 inside it, in this exact order:
var array1 [6]int = [6]int {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} // classical way
var array2 = [6]int {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} // a less verbose way
var array3 = [...]int {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} // the compiler will count the array elements by itself
fmt.Println("array1:", array1) // > [1 2 3 4 5 6]
fmt.Println("array2:", array2) // > [1 2 3 4 5 6]
fmt.Println("array3:", array3) // > [1 2 3 4 5 6]
// Creating arrays with default values inside:
zeros := [8]int{} // Create a list of 8 int filled with 0
ptrs := [8]*int{} // a list of int pointers, filled with 8 nil references ( <nil> )
emptystr := [8]string{} // a list of string filled with 8 times ""
fmt.Println("zeroes:", zeros) // > [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
fmt.Println("ptrs:", ptrs) // > [<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>]
fmt.Println("emptystr:", emptystr) // > [ ]
// values are empty strings, separated by spaces,
// so we can just see separating spaces
// Arrays are also working with a personalized type
type Data struct {
Number int
Text string
}
// Creating an array with 8 'Data' elements
// All the 8 elements will be like {0, ""} (Number = 0, Text = "")
structs := [8]Data{}
fmt.Println("structs:", structs) // > [{0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 }]
// prints {0 } because Number are 0 and Text are empty; separated by a space