日志
记录是一组键值对。
greeter =
{ isMorning: True
, greeting: "Good morning!"
}
通过不存在的密钥访问值是不可能的。
动态修改 Record 的结构是不可能的。
记录仅允许你通过常量键更新值。
访问值
使用动态密钥无法访问值以防止可能的运行时错误:
isMorningKeyName =
"isMorning "
greeter[isMorningKeyName] -- Compiler error
greeter.isMorning -- True
访问该值的替代语法允许你在通过 Record 记录时提取值:
greeter
|> .greeting
|> (++) " Have a nice day!" -- "Good morning! Have a nice day!"
扩展类型
有时你需要参数的签名来约束传递给函数的记录类型。扩展记录类型使得超类型的概念变得不必要。以下示例显示了如何实现此概念:
type alias Person =
{ name : String
}
type alias Animal =
{ name : String
}
peter : Person
peter =
{ name = "Peter" }
dog : Animal
dog =
{ name = "Dog" }
getName : { a | name : String } -> String
getName livingThing =
livingThing.name
bothNames : String
bothNames =
getName peter ++ " " ++ getName dog
我们甚至可以进一步扩展记录并执行以下操作:
type alias Named a = { a | name : String }
type alias Totalled a = { a | total : Int }
totallyNamed : Named ( Totalled { age : Int })
totallyNamed =
{ name = "Peter Pan"
, total = 1337
, age = 14
}
我们现在有办法在函数中传递这些部分类型:
changeName : Named a -> String -> Named a
changeName a newName =
{ a | name = newName }
cptHook = changeName totallyNamed "Cpt. Hook" |> Debug.log "who?"
更新值
Elm 有一个特殊的 Record 更新语法:
model =
{ id: 1
, score: 0
, name: "John Doe"
}
update model =
{ model
| score = model.score + 100
| name = "John Johnson"
}