使用模式匹配获取列表的总和

defmodule Math do
  # We start of by passing the sum/1 function a list of numbers.
  def sum(numbers) do
    do_sum(numbers, 0)
  end

  # Recurse over the list when it contains at least one element.
  # We break the list up into two parts:
  #   head: the first element of the list
  #   tail: a list of all elements except the head
  # Every time this function is executed it makes the list of numbers
  # one element smaller until it is empty.
  defp do_sum([head|tail], acc) do
    do_sum(tail, head + acc)
  end

 # When we have reached the end of the list, return the accumulated sum
  defp do_sum([], acc), do: acc
end