带有 Context 类的 java 中的策略模式示例

策略：

Strategy 是一种行为模式，允许从一系列相关算法动态地改变算法。

来自维基百科的 UML 策略模式

：

import java.util.*;

/* Interface for Strategy */
interface OfferStrategy {
    public String getName();
    public double getDiscountPercentage();
}
/* Concrete implementation of base Strategy */
class NoDiscountStrategy implements OfferStrategy{
    public String getName(){
        return this.getClass().getName();
    }
    public double getDiscountPercentage(){
        return 0;
    }
}
/* Concrete implementation of base Strategy */
class QuarterDiscountStrategy implements OfferStrategy{
    public String getName(){
        return this.getClass().getName();
    }
    public double getDiscountPercentage(){
        return 0.25;
    }
}
/* Context is optional. But if it is present, it acts as single point of contact
   for client. 
   
   Multiple uses of Context
   1. It can populate data to execute an operation of strategy
   2. It can take independent decision on Strategy creation. 
   3. In absence of Context, client should be aware of concrete strategies. Context acts a wrapper and hides internals
   4. Code re-factoring will become easy
*/
class StrategyContext {
    double price; // price for some item or air ticket etc.
    Map<String,OfferStrategy> strategyContext = new HashMap<String,OfferStrategy>();
    StrategyContext(double price){
        this.price= price;
        strategyContext.put(NoDiscountStrategy.class.getName(),new NoDiscountStrategy());
        strategyContext.put(QuarterDiscountStrategy.class.getName(),new QuarterDiscountStrategy());        
    }
    public void applyStrategy(OfferStrategy strategy){
        /* 
        Currently applyStrategy has simple implementation. You can Context for populating some more information,
        which is required to call a particular operation            
        */
        System.out.println("Price before offer :"+price);
        double finalPrice = price - (price*strategy.getDiscountPercentage());
        System.out.println("Price after offer:"+finalPrice);
    }
    public OfferStrategy getStrategy(int monthNo){
        /*
            In absence of this Context method, client has to import relevant concrete Strategies everywhere.
            Context acts as single point of contact for the Client to get relevant Strategy
        */
        if ( monthNo < 6 )  {
            return strategyContext.get(NoDiscountStrategy.class.getName());
        }else{
            return strategyContext.get(QuarterDiscountStrategy.class.getName());
        }
        
    }
}
public class StrategyDemo{    
    public static void main(String args[]){
        StrategyContext context = new StrategyContext(100);
        System.out.println("Enter month number between 1 and 12");
        int month = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        System.out.println("Month ="+month);
        OfferStrategy strategy = context.getStrategy(month);
        context.applyStrategy(strategy);
    }
    
}

输出：

Enter month number between 1 and 12
Month =1
Price before offer :100.0
Price after offer:100.0

Enter month number between 1 and 12
Month =7
Price before offer :100.0
Price after offer:75.0

问题陈述：7 月至 12 月期间物品价格可享 25％折扣。不要在 1 月至 6 月期间提供任何折扣。

上面的例子显示了 Strategy 模式与 Context 的用法。Context 可用作 Client 的单点接触。

两个策略 - NoOfferStrategy 和 QuarterDiscountStrategy 已根据问题陈述声明。

如输出列中所示，你将获得折扣，具体取决于你输入的月份

策略模式的用例 ：

1. 当你拥有一系列可互换算法并且必须在运行时更改算法时，请使用此模式。

2. 通过删除条件语句来保持代码清洁