简单的枚举

枚举是用户定义的数据类型，由整数常量组成，每个整数常量都有一个名称。关键字 enum 用于定义枚举数据类型。

如果使用 enum 而不是 int 或 string/ char*，则可以增加编译时检查并避免传入无效常量时出错，并记录哪些值合法使用。

例 1

enum color{ RED, GREEN, BLUE };

void printColor(enum color chosenColor)
{
    const char *color_name = "Invalid color";
    switch (chosenColor)
    {
       case RED:
         color_name = "RED";
         break;
       
       case GREEN:
        color_name = "GREEN";
        break;    

       case BLUE:
        color_name = "BLUE";
        break;
    }
    printf("%s\n", color_name);
}

主要功能定义如下（例如）：

int main(){
    enum color chosenColor;
    printf("Enter a number between 0 and 2");
    scanf("%d", (int*)&chosenColor);
    printColor(chosenColor);
    return 0;
}

Version >= C99

例 2

（此示例使用自 C99 以来标准化的指定初始值设定项。）

enum week{ MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };
     
static const char* const dow[] = { 
  [MON] = "Mon", [TUE] = "Tue", [WED] = "Wed", 
  [THU] = "Thu", [FRI] = "Fri", [SAT] = "Sat", [SUN] = "Sun" };
    
void printDayOfWeek(enum week day) 
{ 
   printf("%s\n", dow[day]);
}

使用范围检查的相同示例：

enum week{ DOW_INVALID = -1, 
  MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN, 
  DOW_MAX };
     
static const char* const dow[] = { 
  [MON] = "Mon", [TUE] = "Tue", [WED] = "Wed", 
  [THU] = "Thu", [FRI] = "Fri", [SAT] = "Sat", [SUN] = "Sun" };
    
void printDayOfWeek(enum week day) 
{ 
   assert(day > DOW_INVALID && day < DOW_MAX);
   printf("%s\n", dow[day]);
}