stdshared 锁

shared_lock 可以与唯一锁一起使用，以允许多个读者和独占编写者。

#include <unordered_map>
#include <mutex>
#include <shared_mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
    
class PhoneBook {
    public:
        string getPhoneNo( const std::string & name )
        {
            shared_lock<shared_timed_mutex> r(_protect);
            auto it =  _phonebook.find( name );
            if ( it == _phonebook.end() )
                return (*it).second;
            return "";
        }
        void addPhoneNo ( const std::string & name, const std::string & phone )
        {
            unique_lock<shared_timed_mutex> w(_protect);
            _phonebook[name] = phone;
        }
        
        shared_timed_mutex _protect;
        unordered_map<string,string>  _phonebook;
    };