定义菜单资源并在 ActivityFragment 中使用它

在 res / menu 中定义菜单

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

    <item
        android:id="@+id/first_item_id"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/first_item_string"
        android:icon="@drawable/first_item_icon"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>

    <item
        android:id="@+id/second_item_id"
        android:orderInCategory="110"
        android:title="@string/second_item_string"
        android:icon="@drawable/second_item_icon"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>

</menu>

有关配置的更多选项，请参阅： 菜单资源

在 Activity 里面 ：

@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
    ///Override defining menu resource
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_resource_id, menu);
    super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
}

@Override
public void onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    //Override for preparing items (setting visibility, change text, change icon...)
    super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    //Override it for handling items
    int menuItemId = item.getItemId();
    switch (menuItemId) {
        case: R.id.first_item_id
             return true; //return true, if is handled
    }
    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

要在显示视图期间调用上述方法，请调用 getActivity().invalidateOptionsMenu();

在 Fragment 内需要另外一个调用：

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);
    super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
}