通過新增類來新增行為而不觸及現有程式碼
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import static java.lang.System.out;
public class PolymorphismDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<FlyingMachine> machines = new ArrayList<FlyingMachine>();
machines.add(new FlyingMachine());
machines.add(new Jet());
machines.add(new Helicopter());
machines.add(new Jet());
new MakeThingsFly().letTheMachinesFly(machines);
}
}
class MakeThingsFly {
public void letTheMachinesFly(List<FlyingMachine> flyingMachines) {
for (FlyingMachine flyingMachine : flyingMachines) {
flyingMachine.fly();
}
}
}
class FlyingMachine {
public void fly() {
out.println("No implementation");
}
}
class Jet extends FlyingMachine {
@Override
public void fly() {
out.println("Start, taxi, fly");
}
public void bombardment() {
out.println("Fire missile");
}
}
class Helicopter extends FlyingMachine {
@Override
public void fly() {
out.println("Start vertically, hover, fly");
}
}
說明
a)MakeThingsFly
類可以處理 FlyingMachine
型別的所有內容。
b)當你新增一個新類時,方法 letTheMachinesFly
也可以不做任何改動(!),例如 PropellerPlane
:
public void letTheMachinesFly(List<FlyingMachine> flyingMachines) {
for (FlyingMachine flyingMachine : flyingMachines) {
flyingMachine.fly();
}
}
}
這就是多型性的力量。你可以用它實現 open-closed-principle 。