物件成員與靜態成員
有了這個類:
class ObjectMemberVsStaticMember {
static int staticCounter = 0;
int memberCounter = 0;
void increment() {
staticCounter ++;
memberCounter++;
}
}
以下程式碼段:
final ObjectMemberVsStaticMember o1 = new ObjectMemberVsStaticMember();
final ObjectMemberVsStaticMember o2 = new ObjectMemberVsStaticMember();
o1.increment();
o2.increment();
o2.increment();
System.out.println("o1 static counter " + o1.staticCounter);
System.out.println("o1 member counter " + o1.memberCounter);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("o2 static counter " + o2.staticCounter);
System.out.println("o2 member counter " + o2.memberCounter);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("ObjectMemberVsStaticMember.staticCounter = " + ObjectMemberVsStaticMember.staticCounter);
// the following line does not compile. You need an object
// to access its members
//System.out.println("ObjectMemberVsStaticMember.staticCounter = " + ObjectMemberVsStaticMember.memberCounter);
產生這個輸出:
o1 static counter 3
o1 member counter 1
o2 static counter 3
o2 member counter 2
ObjectMemberVsStaticMember.staticCounter = 3
注意: 你不應該在物件上呼叫 static
成員,而應該在類上呼叫 static
成員。雖然它對 JVM 沒有任何影響,但人類讀者會欣賞它。
static
成員是類的一部分,每類只存在一次。例項上存在非 static
成員,每個例項都有一個獨立的副本。這也意味著你需要訪問該類的物件才能訪問其成員。