功能原型範圍

#include <stdio.h>

/* The parameter name, apple, has function prototype scope.  These names
   are not significant outside the prototype itself.  This is demonstrated
   below. */

int test_function(int apple);

int main(void)
{
    int orange = 5;

    orange = test_function(orange);
    printf("%d\r\n", orange); //orange = 6

    return 0;
}

int test_function(int fruit)
{
    fruit += 1;
    return fruit;
}

請注意，如果在原型中引入型別名稱，則會出現令人費解的錯誤訊息：

int function(struct whatever *arg);

struct whatever
{
    int a;
    // ...
};

int function(struct whatever *arg)
{
    return arg->a;
}

使用 GCC 6.3.0，此程式碼（原始檔 dc11.c）生成：

$ gcc -O3 -g -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -c dc11.c
dc11.c:1:25: error: ‘struct whatever’ declared inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration [-Werror]
     int function(struct whatever *arg);
                         ^~~~~~~~
dc11.c:9:9: error: conflicting types for ‘function’
     int function(struct whatever *arg)
         ^~~~~~~~
dc11.c:1:9: note: previous declaration of ‘function’ was here
     int function(struct whatever *arg);
         ^~~~~~~~
cc1: all warnings being treated as errors
$

將結構定義放在函式宣告之前，或者在函式宣告之前將 struct whatever; 新增為一行，並且沒有問題。你不應該在函式原型中引入新的型別名稱，因為無法使用該型別，因此無法定義或使用該函式。