有效的型別

資料物件的有效型別是與其關聯的最後一種型別資訊（如果有）。

// a normal variable, effective type uint32_t, and this type never changes
uint32_t a = 0.0;

// effective type of *pa is uint32_t, too, simply
// because *pa is the object a
uint32_t* pa = &a;

// the object pointed to by q has no effective type, yet
void* q = malloc(sizeof uint32_t);
// the object pointed to by q still has no effective type,
// because nobody has written to it
uint32_t* qb = q;
// *qb now has effective type uint32_t because a uint32_t value was written
*qb = 37;

// the object pointed to by r has no effective type, yet, although
// it is initialized
void* r = calloc(1, sizeof uint32_t);
// the object pointed to by r still has no effective type,
// because nobody has written to or read from it
uint32_t* rc = r;
// *rc now has effective type uint32_t because a value is read
// from it with that type. The read operation is valid because we used calloc.
// Now the object pointed to by r (which is the same as *rc) has
// gained an effective type, although we didn't change its value.
uint32_t c = *rc;

// the object pointed to by s has no effective type, yet.
void* s = malloc(sizeof uint32_t);
// the object pointed to by s now has effective type uint32_t
// because an uint32_t value is copied into it.
memcpy(s, r, sizeof uint32_t);

觀察對於後者，我們甚至沒有必要指向該物件的 uint32_t*指標。我們複製了另一個 uint32_t 物件這一事實就足夠了。