字串比較和匹配
字串比較在引用的字串之間使用 ==
運算子。!=
運算子否定了比較。
if [[ "$string1" == "$string2" ]]; then
echo "\$string1 and \$string2 are identical"
fi
if [[ "$string1" != "$string2" ]]; then
echo "\$string1 and \$string2 are not identical"
fi
如果沒有引用右側,則表示 $string1
匹配的萬用字元模式。
string='abc'
pattern1='a*'
pattern2='x*'
if [[ "$string" == $pattern1 ]]; then
# the test is true
echo "The string $string matches the pattern $pattern"
fi
if [[ "$string" != $pattern2 ]]; then
# the test is false
echo "The string $string does not match the pattern $pattern"
fi
<
和 >
運算子按字典順序比較字串(字串沒有小於或等於或大於或等於運算子)。
空字串有一元測試。
if [[ -n "$string" ]]; then
echo "$string is non-empty"
fi
if [[ -z "${string// }" ]]; then
echo "$string is empty or contains only spaces"
fi
if [[ -z "$string" ]]; then
echo "$string is empty"
fi
在上面,-z
檢查可能意味著 $string
未設定,或者設定為空字串。要區分空和未設定,請使用:
if [[ -n "${string+x}" ]]; then
echo "$string is set, possibly to the empty string"
fi
if [[ -n "${string-x}" ]]; then
echo "$string is either unset or set to a non-empty string"
fi
if [[ -z "${string+x}" ]]; then
echo "$string is unset"
fi
if [[ -z "${string-x}" ]]; then
echo "$string is set to an empty string"
fi
x
是任意的。或以表格形式 :
+-------+-------+-----------+
$string is: | unset | empty | non-empty |
+-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
| [[ -z ${string} ]] | true | true | false |
| [[ -z ${string+x} ]] | true | false | false |
| [[ -z ${string-x} ]] | false | true | false |
| [[ -n ${string} ]] | false | false | true |
| [[ -n ${string+x} ]] | false | true | true |
| [[ -n ${string-x} ]] | true | false | true |
+-----------------------+-------+-------+-----------+
或者 ,可以在 case 語句中檢查狀態:
case ${var+x$var} in
(x) echo empty;;
("") echo unset;;
(x*[![:blank:]]*) echo non-blank;;
(*) echo blank
esac
[:blank:]
是特定於語言環境的水平間距字元(製表符,空格等)。