伪随机生成器

在设计仿真环境时，Peudo-random 生成器经常很有用。以下 VHDL 包显示了如何使用受保护类型来设计 boolean，bit 和 bit_vector 的伪随机生成器。它可以很容易地扩展到也生成随机 std_ulogic_vector，signed，unsigned。扩展它以生成具有任意边界和均匀分布的随机整数更棘手但可行。

包裹声明

受保护类型具有声明所有公共子程序访问器的声明。对于我们的随机生成器，我们将公开一个种子初始化过程和三个不纯函数返回随机 boolean，bit 或 bit_vector。请注意，函数不能是纯粹的，因为它们中的任何一个的调用都是相同的，具有相同的参数，可以返回不同的值。

-- file rnd_pkg.vhd
package rnd_pkg is
    type rnd_generator is protected
        procedure init(seed: bit_vector);
        impure function get_boolean return boolean;
        impure function get_bit return bit;
        impure function get_bit_vector(size: positive) return bit_vector;
    end protected rnd_generator;
end package rnd_pkg;

包体

受保护的类型主体定义内部数据结构（成员）和子程序主体。我们的随机发生器基于 128 位线性反馈移位寄存器（LFSR），带有四个抽头。state 变量存储 LFSR 的当前状态。每次使用发生器时，私有 throw 程序都会移动 LFSR。

-- file rnd_pkg.vhd
package body rnd_pkg is
    type rnd_generator is protected body
        constant len: positive := 128;
        constant default_seed: bit_vector(1 to len) := X"8bf052e898d987c7c31fc71c1fc063bc";
        type tap_array is array(natural range <>) of positive range 1 to len;
        constant taps: tap_array(0 to 3) := (128, 126, 101, 99);

        variable state: bit_vector(1 to len) := default_seed;

        procedure throw(n: positive := 1) is
            variable tmp: bit;
        begin
            for i in 1 to n loop
                tmp := '1';
                for j in taps'range loop
                    tmp := tmp xnor state(taps(j));
                end loop;
                state := tmp & state(1 to len - 1);
            end loop;
        end procedure throw;

        procedure init(seed: bit_vector) is
            constant n:   natural            := seed'length;
            constant tmp: bit_vector(1 to n) := seed;
            constant m:   natural            := minimum(n, len);
        begin
            state         := (others => '0');
            state(1 to m) := tmp(1 to m);
        end procedure init;

        impure function get_boolean return boolean is
            constant res: boolean := state(len) = '1';
        begin
            throw;
            return res;
        end function get_boolean;

        impure function get_bit return bit is
            constant res: bit := state(len);
        begin
            throw;
            return res;
        end function get_bit;

        impure function get_bit_vector(size: positive) return bit_vector is
            variable res: bit_vector(1 to size);
        begin
            if size <= len then
                res := state(len + 1 - size to len);
                throw(size);
            else
                res(1 to len) := state;
                throw(len);
                res(len + 1 to size) := get_bit_vector(size - len);
            end if;
            return res;
        end function get_bit_vector;
    end protected body rnd_generator;
end package body rnd_pkg;

随后的生成器可以在 OO 样式中使用，如：

-- file rnd_sim.vhd
use std.env.all;
use std.textio.all;
use work.rnd_pkg.all;

entity rnd_sim is
end entity rnd_sim;

architecture sim of rnd_sim is
    shared variable rnd: rnd_generator;
begin
    process
        variable l: line;
    begin
        rnd.init(X"fe39_3d9f_24bb_5bdc_a7d0_2572_cbff_0117");
        for i in 1 to 10 loop
            write(l, rnd.get_boolean);
            write(l, HT);
            write(l, rnd.get_bit);
            write(l, HT);
            write(l, rnd.get_bit_vector(10));
            writeline(output, l);
        end loop;
        finish;
    end process;
end architecture sim;

$ mkdir gh_work
$ ghdl -a --std=08 --workdir=gh_work rnd_pkg.vhd rnd_sim.vhd
$ ghdl -r --std=08 --workdir=gh_work rnd_sim
TRUE    1    0001000101
FALSE   0    1111111100
TRUE    1    0010110010
TRUE    1    0010010101
FALSE   0    0111110100
FALSE   1    1101110010
TRUE    1    1011010110
TRUE    1    0010010010
TRUE    1    1101100111
TRUE    1    0011100100
simulation finished @0ms