一次匹配多个模式

|可用于对多个输入进行单个 case 语句匹配，以产生相同的结果：

def f(str: String): String = str match {
  case "foo" | "bar" => "Matched!"
  case _ => "No match."
}

f("foo")  // res0: String = Matched!
f("bar")  // res1: String = Matched!
f("fubar")  // res2: String = No match.

请注意，虽然匹配值这种方式很有效，但以下类型匹配会导致问题：

sealed class FooBar
case class Foo(s: String) extends FooBar
case class Bar(s: String) extends FooBar

val d = Foo("Diana")
val h = Bar("Hadas")

// This matcher WILL NOT work.
def matcher(g: FooBar):String = {
  g match {
    case Foo(s) | Bar(s) => print(s)  // Won't work: s cannot be resolved
    case Foo(_) | Bar(_) => _         // Won't work: _ is an unbound placeholder
    case _ => "Could not match"
  }
}

如果在后一种情况下（使用 _）你不需要未绑定变量的值而只想做其他事情，那你就没事了：

def matcher(g: FooBar):String = {
  g match {
    case Foo(_) | Bar(_) => "Is either Foo or Bar."  // Works fine
    case _ => "Could not match"
  }
}

否则，你将分裂案件：

def matcher(g: FooBar):String = {
  g match {
    case Foo(s) => s 
    case Bar(s) => s
    case _ => "Could not match"
  }
}