方法宏

当一个方法被定义为一个宏时，编译器将获取作为其参数传递的代码并将其转换为 AST。然后它使用该 AST 调用宏实现，并返回一个新的 AST，然后将其拼接回其调用站点。

import reflect.macros.blackbox.Context

object Macros {
  // This macro simply sees if the argument is the result of an addition expression.
  // E.g. isAddition(1+1) and isAddition("a"+1).
  // but !isAddition(1+1-1), as the addition is underneath a subtraction, and also
  // !isAddition(x.+), and !isAddition(x.+(a,b)) as there must be exactly one argument.
  def isAddition(x: Any): Boolean = macro isAddition_impl

  // The signature of the macro implementation is the same as the macro definition,
  // but with a new Context parameter, and everything else is wrapped in an Expr.
  def isAddition_impl(c: Context)(expr: c.Expr[Any]): c.Expr[Boolean] = {
    import c.universe._ // The universe contains all the useful methods and types
    val plusName = TermName("+").encodedName // Take the name + and encode it as $plus
    expr.tree match { // Turn expr into an AST representing the code in isAddition(...)
      case Apply(Select(_, `plusName`), List(_)) => reify(true)
      // Pattern match the AST to see whether we have an addition
      // Above we match this AST
      //             Apply (function application)
      //            /     \
      //         Select  List(_) (exactly one argument)
      // (selection ^ of entity, basically the . in x.y)
      //      /          \
      //    _              \
      //               `plusName` (method named +)
      case _                                     => reify(false)
      // reify is a macro you use when writing macros
      // It takes the code given as its argument and creates an Expr out of it
    }
  }
}

也可以使用 Trees 作为参数的宏。就像 reify 如何用来创建 Exprs 一样，q（用于 quasiquote）字符串插值器让我们可以创建和解构 Trees。请注意，我们本可以使用上面的 q（expr.tree，很惊讶，也是一个 Tree 本身），但不是出于演示目的。

// No Exprs, just Trees
def isAddition_impl(c: Context)(tree: c.Tree): c.Tree = {
  import c.universe._
  tree match {
    // q is a macro too, so it must be used with string literals.
    // It can destructure and create Trees.
    // Note how there was no need to encode + this time, as q is smart enough to do it itself.
    case q"${_} + ${_}" => q"true"
    case _              => q"false"
  }
}