可重复和字典解包

函数允许你指定这些类型的参数：位置，命名，变量位置，关键字 args(kwargs)。这是每种类型的清晰简洁的用法。

def unpacking(a, b, c=45, d=60, *args, **kwargs):
    print(a, b, c, d, args, kwargs)

>>> unpacking(1, 2)
1 2 45 60 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, 3, 4)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, c=3, d=4)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, d=4, c=3)
1 2 3 4 () {}

>>> pair = (3,)
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *pair, d=4)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, d=4, *pair)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *pair, c=3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'c'
>>> unpacking(1, 2, c=3, *pair)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'c'

>>> args_list = [3]
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *args_list, d=4)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, d=4, *args_list)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, c=3, *args_list)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'c'
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *args_list, c=3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'c'

>>> pair = (3, 4)
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *pair)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, 3, 4, *pair)
1 2 3 4 (3, 4) {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, d=4, *pair)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'd'
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *pair, d=4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'd'

>>> args_list = [3, 4]
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *args_list)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, 3, 4, *args_list)
1 2 3 4 (3, 4) {}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, d=4, *args_list)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'd'
>>> unpacking(1, 2, *args_list, d=4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'd'

>>> arg_dict = {'c':3, 'd':4}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, **arg_dict)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> arg_dict = {'d':4, 'c':3}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, **arg_dict)
1 2 3 4 () {}
>>> arg_dict = {'c':3, 'd':4, 'not_a_parameter': 75}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, **arg_dict)
1 2 3 4 () {'not_a_parameter': 75}

>>> unpacking(1, 2, *pair, **arg_dict)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'd'
>>> unpacking(1, 2, 3, 4, **arg_dict)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'd'

# Positional arguments take priority over any other form of argument passing
>>> unpacking(1, 2, **arg_dict, c=3)
1 2 3 4 () {'not_a_parameter': 75}
>>> unpacking(1, 2, 3, **arg_dict, c=3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unpacking() got multiple values for argument 'c'