使用闭包来实现观察者模式

通常，观察者是在对被观察对象发生动作时调用特定方法的类。在某些情况下，闭包足以实现观察者设计模式。

以下是此类实现的详细示例。让我们首先声明一个类，其目的是在其属性发生更改时通知观察者。

<?php

class ObservedStuff implements SplSubject
{
    protected $property;
    protected $observers = [];

    public function attach(SplObserver $observer)
    {
        $this->observers[] = $observer;
        return $this;
    }

    public function detach(SplObserver $observer)
    {
        if (false !== $key = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) {
            unset($this->observers[$key]);
        }
    }

    public function notify()
    {
        foreach ($this->observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update($this);
        }
    }

    public function getProperty()
    {
        return $this->property;
    }

    public function setProperty($property)
    {
        $this->property = $property;
        $this->notify();
    }
}

然后，让我们声明代表不同观察者的类。

<?php

class NamedObserver implements SplObserver
{
    protected $name;
    protected $closure;

    public function __construct(Closure $closure, $name)
    {
        $this->closure = $closure->bindTo($this, $this);
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    public function update(SplSubject $subject)
    {
        $closure = $this->closure;
        $closure($subject);
    }
}

让我们最终测试一下：

<?php

$o = new ObservedStuff;

$observer1 = function(SplSubject $subject) {
    echo $this->name, ' has been notified! New property value: ', $subject->getProperty(), "\n";
};

$observer2 = function(SplSubject $subject) {
    echo $this->name, ' has been notified! New property value: ', $subject->getProperty(), "\n";
};

$o->attach(new NamedObserver($observer1, 'Observer1'))
  ->attach(new NamedObserver($observer2, 'Observer2'));

$o->setProperty('Hello world!');
// Shows:
// Observer1 has been notified! New property value: Hello world!
// Observer2 has been notified! New property value: Hello world!

请注意，此示例有效，因为观察者具有相同的性质（它们都是命名观察者。）