更改表

    alter_specification: table_options
      | ADD [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]
      | ADD [COLUMN] (col_name column_definition,...)
      | ADD {INDEX|KEY} [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ...
      | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ...
      | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ...
      | ADD FULLTEXT [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ...
      | ADD SPATIAL [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ...
      | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...) reference_definition
      | ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY}
      | ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
      | CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition [FIRST|AFTER col_name]
      | LOCK [=] {DEFAULT|NONE|SHARED|EXCLUSIVE}
      | MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]
      | DROP [COLUMN] col_name
      | DROP PRIMARY KEY
      | DROP {INDEX|KEY} index_name
      | DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol
      | DISABLE KEYS
      | ENABLE KEYS
      | RENAME [TO|AS] new_tbl_name
      | RENAME {INDEX|KEY} old_index_name TO new_index_name
      | ORDER BY col_name [, col_name] ...
      | CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
      | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name [COLLATE [=] collation_name]
      | DISCARD TABLESPACE
      | IMPORT TABLESPACE
      | FORCE
      | {WITHOUT|WITH} VALIDATION
      | ADD PARTITION (partition_definition)
      | DROP PARTITION partition_names
      | DISCARD PARTITION {partition_names | ALL} TABLESPACE
      | IMPORT PARTITION {partition_names | ALL} TABLESPACE
      | TRUNCATE PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}
      | COALESCE PARTITION number
      | REORGANIZE PARTITION partition_names INTO (partition_definitions)
      | EXCHANGE PARTITION partition_name WITH TABLE tbl_name [{WITH|WITHOUT} VALIDATION]
      | ANALYZE PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}
      | CHECK PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}
      | OPTIMIZE PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}
      | REBUILD PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}
      | REPAIR PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}
      | REMOVE PARTITIONING
      | UPGRADE PARTITIONING
   index_col_name: col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]
   index_type: USING {BTREE | HASH}
   index_option: KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value
      | index_type
      | WITH PARSER parser_name
      | COMMENT 'string'

table_options: table_option [[,] table_option] ... (see CREATE TABLE options)

partition_options: (see 创建表 options)

参考： MySQL 5.7 参考手册/ … / ALTER TABLE 语法/ 14.1.8 ALTER TABLE 语法