使用 Mockito 进行简单的单元测试

我们要测试的类是：

public class Service {

    private Collaborator collaborator;

    public Service(Collaborator collaborator) {
        this.collaborator = collaborator;
    }
    
    public String performService(String input) {
        return collaborator.transformString(input);
    }
}

它的合作者是：

public class Collaborator {

    public String transformString(String input) {
        return doStuff();
    }

    private String doStuff() {
        // This method may be full of bugs
        . . .
        return someString;
    }

}

在我们的测试中，我们希望打破 Collaborator 及其 bug 的依赖关系，因此我们将模拟 Collaborator：

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

import org.junit.Test;

public class ServiceTest {
    @Test
    public void testPerformService() throws Exception {
        // Configure mock
        Collaborator collaboratorMock = mock(Collaborator.class);
        doReturn("output").when(collaboratorMock).transformString("input");

        // Perform the test
        Service service = new Service(collaboratorMock);
        String actual = service.performService("input");
        
        // Junit asserts
        String expected = "output";
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }  
}